Answer:
When a patient uses autonomy to give informed consent, such patients are informed of the risks and capable of weighing the consequences of the decision.
Explanation:
All informed consent requires the patient to agree to a study or therapy when the health professional has provided all the necessary information including the potential benefits, effects and risks. In this case, the patient must be aware, assume the risk and agree to perform the study or treatment.
In the case of informed consent, the principle of autonomy applies to every patient in full use of his or her mental functions free from threats or coercion when deciding whether or not to accept a procedure, therapy or treatment.
Other options do not apply:
- <em>The patient should not give informed consent if he does not know all the information related to studies, therapies or treatments.</em>
- <em>The mental disability or difficulty in understanding the risks does not allow autonomy in decision making.
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- <em>Not having the legal age of majority implies that there is no autonomy to make an informed consent.</em>
Answer:
A skin infection occurs when there are too many germs for the white blood cells to fight and kill. The WBCs begin to expel chemicals into the wound site and this causes the redness and warmth in that area. The chemicals also cause fluid [plasma] leakage from the blood which causes swelling in that area. The swelling may stimulate the nerves which accounts for the pain.
* Inflammatory response in internal organs occurs when the damaged cells begin to release chemicals like histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak, releasing plasma into the tissue and causing swelling in that area.
* The platelets in the blood cell are activated to stop the bleeding from the cut. The platelets also secrete chemicals called cytokines into the blood to start the healing process. They also alert the immune system which release several immune cells which begin scanning for germs in the blood. The macrophages start destroying the germs and disposing off the dead body cells. The T-cells and B- cells receive the signals from dendritic cells, which are activated by the macrophages. The T-cells and B-cells come into action and help the body fight off the germs.
At the site of the injury, swelling occurs due to concentration of different cells and tissue fluids in the area
An example of provitamin A is beta-carotene
D. beta-carotene
