Answer:
Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with nucleophiles. Strong nucleophiles favor the SN2 mechanism over the SN1 mechanism. An SN1 mechanism forms a carbocation as a reactive intermediate and the mechanism has two steps (first order) . Protic solvents favor SN1 mechanism and aprotic solvents favor the SN2 . SN1 reactions proceed with racemization at a single stereogenic center. Increasing alkyl substitution favors an SN1 mechanism while decreasing alkyl substitution favors an SN2 mechanism. A carbocation is a positively charged carbon atom.
Explanation:
1) Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with nucleophiles: <em>the halide ion is being substituted by another nucleophile. It may follow SN1 or SN2 mechanism.</em>
2) Strong nucleophiles favor the SN2 mechanism over the SN1 mechanism: <em>The nucleophile attacks from back side on the halide substituted carbon and at the same time the halide gets removed. So the rate of reaction in SN2 depends upon concentration of both alkyl halide and nucleophile.</em>
3) An SN1 mechanism forms a carbocation as a reactive intermediate and the mechanism has two steps (first order) : t<em>here are two step in SN1, the first step is rate determining step and it leads to formation of carbocation. more the stable carbocation more the rate of reaction. The second step is fast step and it involves attack of nulceophile on the carbocation.</em>
4) Protic solvents favor SN1 mechanism and aprotic solvents favor the SN2
<em>In SN1 we need to separate the carbocation with the halide ion so the SN1 reactions are favored by protic solvents</em>
5) SN1 reactions proceed with racemization at a single stereogenic center: <em>The first step forms a trigonal planar carbocation and the nucleophile is free to attack on the carbocation from either side causing racemization.</em>
6) The Increasing alkyl substitution favors an SN1 mechanism while decreasing alkyl substitution favors an SN2 mechanism. A carbocation is a positively charged carbon atom.: In SN1 there is formation of carbocation which following the following order for stability
tertiary > secondary> primary
Thus more the stable carbocation more the rate of SN1 reaction.
In case of SN2 tertiary alkyl halide show hindrance for attack by nucleophile
Answer:
molarity of KOH is 0.01339. you can see the deail answer at the pic
Answer:
Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s)
Explanation:
Chemical equation:
BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + NaCl
Balanced Chemical equation:
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Ionic equation:
Ba²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s)+ 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)
Net ionic equation:
Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s)
The Na⁺ (aq) and Cl⁻(aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The barium sulfate is present in solid form that's why can not be splitted into ions.
Spectator ions:
These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The complete question is:
<u><em>"A reaction contains two reactants, A and B. If A is doubled, there will be a greater number of effective collisions between reactants. TRUE FALSE"</em></u>
Collision Theory indicates that chemical reactions take place because molecules, atoms or ions collide with each other.
Furthermore, the molecules must collide effectively, that is, not all reagent collisions lead to product formation. Effective shock means that the reagent molecules have enough kinetic energy at the time of the shock for their bonds to break and product bonds to form. In addition, the molecules of the reagents must be properly oriented for the reaction to take place.
As the concentration increases, the number of shocks increases. In other words, by increasing the concentration of the reactants, the probability of collision between their molecules increases, and therefore the number of effective collisions.So the statement is true-