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Lesechka [4]
3 years ago
8

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a widely used industrial abrasive (known as emery or corundum), for which the specific application dep

ends on the hardness of the crystal. What does this hardness imply about the magnitude of the lattice energy? Would you have predicted from the chemical formula that Al2O3 is hard? Explain.
Chemistry
1 answer:
ivanzaharov [21]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

On the Moh's scale of hardness, aluminum oxide is positioned just below to diamond due to which it is considered as one of the hardest known compounds. This also shows that the compound exhibit an enormous amount of lattice energy, as to transform the oxide into its constituent ions, the energy is required to overcome.  

Based on the chemical formula of the compound, that is, Al2O3, it is shown that the ions of Al3+ and O2- are kept close due to the activity of the strong electrostatic ionic bonds. The electrostatic forces and the ionic bonding between the ions are extremely robust due to the presence of the ions high charge density. Therefore, to dissociate the bonds, an enormous amount of energy is needed, and at the same time, a high amount of lattice energy is present.  

You might be interested in
The nature particle model of matter describe the property of solid, liquid and gas in molecular level. Which of the given statem
dangina [55]

Answer:

B. Particles of matter have spaces between them.

Explanation:

The particle nature model of matter is an model used to explain the properties and nature of matter. The statements of the particle nature model of matter are as follows :

1. Matter is made of small particles of atoms or molecules.

2. The particles of matter have space between them. The spaces between the particles are least in solids as they are closely packed together but are greatest in gases whose particles are far apart from each other.

3. The particles of matter are in constant motion at all times. Solids particles are not free to move due to strong molecular forces between the particles, but are constantly vibrating in their mean positions. Liquid particles free to move due to lesser molecular forces while gas molecules which have negligible intermolecular forces have the greatest ability to move.

4. The particles of matter are attracted to each other by intermolecular forces. These forces are greatest in solids and least in gases.

The correct option is B.

3 0
2 years ago
Help me please <br> Answer &amp; exp.
nordsb [41]

Explanation:

Some Rules Regarding Oxidation Numbers:

- Hydrogen has oxidation number of + 1 except in hydrides where it is -1

- Oxygen has oxidation number of -2 except in peroxides where it is -1

- Some elements have fixed oxidation numbers. E.g Halogen group elements has oxidation number of -1

- Oxidation number of a compound is the sum total of the individual elements and a neutral  compound has oxidation number of 0.

A. HI

Hydrogen has oxidation of + 1

Oxidation number of I:

1 + x = 0

x = -1

B. PBr3

Br has oxidation number of - 1

Oxidation number of Pb:

x + 3 (-1) = 0

x = + 3

C. KH

Hydrogen has oxidation of + 1

Oxidation number of K:

1 + x = 0

x = -1

D. H3PO4

Hydrogen has oxidation number of + 1

Oxygen has oxidation number of -2

Oxidation number of P:

3(1) + x + 4(-2) = 0

3 + x - 8 =0

x = 5

8 0
2 years ago
What is the velocity of a 0.5-kg ball<br> that has a momentum of 3 kg.m/s?
maria [59]

Answer:

6m/s

Explanation:

Data obtained from the question include:

Mass = 0.5kg

Momentum = 3 kg.m/s

Velocity =.?

Momentum is simply the product of mass and velocity as shown by the equation below:

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Velocity = Momentum /mass

Velocity = 3kg.m/s / 0.5kg

Velocity = 6m/s

Therefore, the velocity of the ball is 6m/s

3 0
3 years ago
HELP FAST 100 PTSCalculate the amount of heat needed to convert 100.0 g of liquid water at 25 °C to water at 100 °C.
Alex Ar [27]

Answer:

31,380 Joules

Explanation:

Given Data:

Mass = m = 100 g

Temperature 1 = = 25 °C

Temperature 2 = = 100 °C

Specific Heat Constant = c = 4.184

Change in Temp. = ΔT = 100 - 25 = 75 °C

Required:

Heat = Q = ?

Formula:

Q = mcΔT

Solution:

Q = (100)(4.184)(75)

Q = 31, 380 Joules

Hope this helped!

~AH1807

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Consider the following system at equilibrium:
Vika [28.1K]

Answer:

1) Rightward shift

2) Rightward shift

3) Leftward shift

4) Leftward shift

5) Leftward shift

6) Rightward shift

7) No shift

8) No shift                                                              

   

Explanation:

To evaluate each case we need to consider Le Chatelier's Principle, which states that the adding of additional reactants or products to a system will shift the equilibrium in the opposite direction, to maintain the equilibrium of the system. On the contrary, if we remove a reactant or a product in the system, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction of the reactant or product reduced, to produce more of it (and thus maintain balance).        

Taking into account the above, let's see each statement, in the following equation:

A(aq) + B(aq)  ⇄  2C(aq)    (1)

1) Increase A. This will cause a rightward shift in equation 1 in order to consume the reactant added.

2) Increase B. Same as 1), this will cause a rightward in equation 1.

3) Increase C. This will cause a leftward shift in order to consume the excess of product in the system.  

4) Decrease A. This will produce a leftward shift to produce the reactant that is being reduced.

5) Decrease B. Same as 4), a leftward shift.

6) Decrease C. This will produce a rightward shift to produce the product that is being reduced.

7) Double A, half B. The double A will cause a rightward shift and the half B will produce a leftward shift, which results in no shift.

8) Double both B and C. Double B will produce a rightward shift and double C will produce the contrary, a leftward shift, so the final result is no shift.

               

I hope it helps you!

4 0
3 years ago
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