The scenario that presents a possible environmental impact due to hydrogen fuel cells is that, the electricity used to supply the fuel cells with Hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels.
The question is incomplete, but these should have been the options;
a.) The fuel cells are used to power internal combustion engines rather than electric motors.
b.) The electricity used to supply the fuel cells with hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels.
c.) The combined exhaust emissions from fleets of buses equipped with fuel cells generates smog.
d.) None of these are correct.
The answer therefore is option B. The Hydrogen fuel cell is a device that uses Hydrogen as an energy source to power machines and to generate heat and electricity. It is a green energy alternative to fossil fuels as unlike fossil fuels, it doesn't produce green house gases and is non-toxic. Also, unlike other clean sources of energy like wind and water, it doesn't require a large area of land to be produced.
Hydrogen fuel cells work by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The resulting energy produced is converted to electrical energy which can be used to power electrical motors, while the by-product, water is non-toxic, renewable and doesn't create smog.
However, to produce the hydrogen used in the cells, high amount of energy is required in order to separate hydrogen from oxygen. To accomplish this, fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil are used, releasing harmful emissions which creates a negative environmental impact. This makes the answer to the above question option B. A better alternative though, is to use other renewable energy sources like wind or solar.
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