<u>Answers
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1) B. longitudinal.
2) B. air is cooler than the ground.
<u>Explanation
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Q1
There are two categories of a wave. That is transverse and longitudinal waves. Transverse waves forms crests and troughs while longitudinal forms compressions and rarefaction as they travel. Rarefactions are regions where the wavelengths are longer than other regions.
Q2
As the ray of light moves from an optically less dense to a more dense region it bends towards the normal.
If the sound is bending away from the earth's surface, then the ground must be warmer than the air. As the sound travels it moves from optically dense medium to a less dense medium. For this reason it bends away from the normal. This can only happen when, B. air is cooler than the ground.
Referring to the attached image below which represents the complete rock cycle, we will find that a marble can be formed when hot magma is cooled and crystallized.
Applying this to the given diagram, we will find that marble is most likely formed in position
C
Gravitational Potential energy is the energy stored with regard to position.
the equation for potential energy is as follows
P.E = mass x gravitational acceleration x height from the ground
gravitational acceleration - 9.8 ms⁻²
substituting the values in the equation
P.E = 125 kg x 9.8 ms⁻² x 1500 m
P.E = 1 837 500 J
therefore the potential energy of the diver at 1500 m high is 1 837 kJ