The cytochromes are heme‑containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in
the reduction potential (ΔE∘′) and the change in the standard free energy (ΔG∘′) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher. cytochrome c1 (Fe3+)+e−↽−−⇀cytochrome c1 (Fe2+)E∘′=0.22 V cytochrome c (Fe3+)+e−↽−−⇀cytochrome c (Fe2+)E∘′=0.254 V Calculate ΔE∘′ and ΔG∘′ . ΔE∘′= V ΔG∘′= kJ/mol
Capillary action is adhesion of water. In plants, capillary action allows water to move from the roots to leaves. In animals, capillary action plays a role in respiration where oxygen-poor blood oxygenates in the capillaries.
