2-bromo-1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene is being synthesized in following sequence:
Step 1: Chlorination of Benzene:
This is Halogenation reaction of benzene. In this step benzene is reacted with Chlorine gas in the presence of lewis acid (i.e. FeCl₃). This results in the formation of Chlorobenzene as shown in red step below.
Step 2: Nitration of Chlorobenzene:
The chlorine atom on benzene has a ortho para directing effect. Therefore, the nitration of chlorobenzene will yield para nitro chlorobenzene as shown in blue step below.
Step 3: Bromination of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene:
In this step bromination is done by reacting bromine in the presence of lewis acid. The chlorine being ortho para directing in nature and nitro group being meta directing in nature will direct the incoming Br⁺ (electrophile) to the desired location. Hence, 2-bromo-1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene is synthesized in good yield.
Non metals could be:
pencils
books
paper
metals could be:
pens
Tablet/Phone
Answer:
A. Atoms randomly crashing into each other
E. The force of one object pushing against the force of another object.
Explanation:
Forces can be classified into two categories based upon the the mode of transfer or application:
1. Contact forces
2. Non-contact forces
Contact forces are the ones which require the physical contact of the matter to get transferred and tend to create the affect. Whereas non-contact forces have the field property which transfers the affect of force from one point to another without any physical contact of the matter or the medium.
- Atoms crashing onto each other have some mass and velocity which upon collision impacts the other atoms exerts a contact force.
- The interaction between the charged particles due to their charges is always due to the electric field be it electron or proton, be it within an atom or out of an atom.
- The force between any two objects pushing or pulling each other is also possible only due to contact.