Answer is: the combined ionic bond strength of CrCl₂ and intermolecular forces between water molecules.
When chromium chloride (CrCl₂) is dissolved in water, the temperature of the water increases, heat of the solution is endothermic.
Dissociation of chromium chloride in water: CrCl₂(aq) → Cr²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq).
Energy (the lattice energy) is required to pull apart the oppositely charged ions in chromium chloride.
The heat of hydration is liberated energy when the separated ions (in this example chromium cations and chlorine anions) attract polar water molecules.
Because the lattice energy is higher than the heat of the hydration (endothermic reaction), we can conclude that bonds between ions are strong (the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions).
Answer:
Explanation:
The equation for density is:
We plug in the given values:
Answer: An electron will jump to a higher energy level when excited by an external energy gain such as a large heat increase or the presence of an electrical field, or collision with another electron.
Explanation:
High ionization energies
High electronegativities
Poor thermal conductors
Poor electrical conductors
Brittle solids—not malleable or ductile
Little or no metallic luster
Gain electrons easily
Dull, not metallic-shiny, although they may be colorful
Lower melting points and boiling point than the metals
