In a membrane, the tail of the phospholipids in one monolayer face the tail of the phospholipids in the other monolayer.
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What is cell membrane?</h3>
- The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the inside of all cells from the outside environment.
- It is also known as the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasmic membrane or plasmalemma (extracellular space).
- The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which is made up of two layers of phospholipids interwoven with cholesterol (a lipid component) to maintain proper membrane fluidity at different temperatures.
- Furthermore, membranes are composed of membrane proteins, such as those that cannot be separated across the membrane and function as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that simply attach to the outer membrane of the cell and function as membrane transporters. enzymes to help the cell interact with its environment.
- The integrated glycolipids of the outer lipid layer perform a similar function.
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Answer: The diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster,in myelinated compare to unmyelinated,
Neurons are the structural and functioning units of nervous system.They are the vehicles for transmission of impulses as electrical signals from one part of the cells,and from one part of the body to another.
The basic structural components of a typical neuron are the cellbody, the axon, and the dendrites.
Based on structure neurons are classified as myelinated and unmyelinated.This is based on the the surrounding layer of myelin sheath around the axon. The myelin provides the insulating layer for the axon.And ensures fast movement of impluses.
In myelinated neurons the myelin sheath are interrupted at intervals by gaps along the length of the axon called Nodes of Ranvier. These gaps contains more Na-K channels for influx and out-flux of K and Na+ ions for transmission of impulses.
The cytoplasm of axon is called axoplasm,Since this is surrounded by myelin sheath which contains Na-K+ channels,The rate of diffusion of ions along these channels is faster for depolarization to take place than in unmyelinated neurons. Inaddtion as these ions diffusion increases,its jump faster at the nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction) to the next axoplasm which further speed up the rate of transmission.
Unmyeinated lacks myelin sheath,therefore the exchange and the rate of diffusion of ions along the axons is low.
Explnation:
Basically the first part is when the Euglena starts swimming to the light direction.
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The rate of reaction in chemistry tells us how fast a reaction will occur from start to end.
Answer:
- Both organelles present their genetic material.
- Both organelles divide by binary fission
- Both organelles present a double membrane, the internal one looks identical to the bacterial membrane, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
- In the internal membrane are placed the energy centers, just as it occurs in bacterias membrane.
- The sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes
Explanation:
The endosymbiotic theory essentially states that some organules of the eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once free-living bacteria. Probably, these organisms must have been phagocytized but not digested by another cell. These bacteria were able to adapt to their host, establishing a bond of dependence among each other.
Both organelles have many similarities with other free-living bacteria. For this reason, the theory states that chloroplasts derivate from cyanobacteria (because they both absorb sunlight, store the energy in ATP, and produce organic molecules) and that mitochondria derivate from rickettsias (because they produce ATP in the same way, by using the Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation).
This theory is supported by a few characteristics of the chloroplasts and mitochondria that suggest that they once were free cells. For example,
- Both organelles present their genetic material. This DNI is independent of the cells´ DNA, is bi-catenary and circular, identical to the bacterial DNA, and very different from the one of the eukaryotic cells.
- Both organelles divide by binary fission, not by mitosis, and can synthesize their ribosomes and organelles.
- Both organelles present a double membrane, a characteristic that reinforces the idea of being phagocyted. The internal membrane looks identical to the bacterial membrane, while the external membrane looks like the eukaryotic one.
- In fact, in this internal membrane are placed the energy centers, just as it occurs in bacterias membrane.
- Finally, the sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes
