I’m pretty sure the answer is A
The electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor with capacitance

, with a voltage difference V applied to it, and without dielectric, is given by

Now let's assume we fill the space between the two plates of the capacitor with a dielectric with constant k. The new capacitance of the capacitor is

So, the energy stored now is

Therefore, the ratio between the energies stored in the capacitor before and after the introduction of the dielectric is
When the two spheres touch each other, part of the charge recombine together. The part of charge that recombines is the excess of positive charge on sphere Y,

, that recombines with an equivalent charge of

located on sphere X. As a result, the total charge remained on the two spheres is the excess of negative charge remained on sphere X:

Since the two spheres are identical, they have same capacity, so this charge will now redistribute equally on the two spheres: therefore, at the end, each sphere will have
If Voq doubles, abN gets multiplied by 16 .
If Voq=3, abN=81 .
<span>Alice and Tom will reach the surface of the lake at the same time.
In this problem. Both Alice and Tom have 2 components to their velocities. A horizontal component and an increasing vertical component due to gravity. They start out with different horizontal components, but that component does not in any way contribute to their vertical velocities. Since they both started out at the same height and the same vertical velocities, they will reach the surface of the lake at the same time.</span>