Answer:
6.70 grams of krypton-81 was present when the ice first formed
Explanation:
Let use the below formula to find the amount of sample
where
here
t = 458,000 years
= 229,000
= \
n = = 2.000
Now substituting the values
Answer:
a) Ksp = 7.9x10⁻¹⁰
b) Solubility is 6.31x10⁻⁶M
Explanation:
a) InF₃ in water produce:
InF₃ ⇄ In⁺³ + 3F⁻
And Ksp is defined as:
Ksp = [In⁺³] [F⁻]³
4.0x10⁻²g / 100mL of InF₃ are:
4.0x10⁻²g / 100mL ₓ (1mol / 172g) ₓ (100mL / 0.1L) = <em>2.3x10⁻³M InF₃. </em>Thus:
[In⁺³] = 2.3x10⁻³M InF₃ × (1 mol In⁺³ / mol InF₃) = 2.3x10⁻³M In⁺³
[F⁻] = 2.3x10⁻³M InF₃ × (3 mol F⁻ / mol InF₃) = 7.0x10⁻³M F⁻
Replacing these values in Ksp formula:
Ksp = [2.3x10⁻³M In⁺³] × [7.0x10⁻³M F⁻]³ = <em>7.9x10⁻¹⁰</em>
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b) 0.05 moles of F⁻ produce solubility of InF₃ decrease to:
7.9x10⁻¹⁰ = [x] [0.05 + 3x]³
Where x are moles of In⁺³ produced from solid InF₃ and 3x are moles of F⁻ produced from the same source. That means x is solubility in mol / L
Solving from x:
x = -0.018 → False solution, there is no negative concentrations.
x = 6.31x10⁻⁶M → Right answer.
Thus, <em>solubility is 6.31x10⁻⁶M</em>
Answer:
- <u><em>It is positive when the bonds of the product store more energy than those of the reactants.</em></u>
Explanation:
The <em>standard enthalpy of formation</em>, <em>ΔHf</em>, is defined as the energy required to form 1 mole of a substance from its contituent elements under standard conditions of pressure and temperature.
Then, per defintion, when the elements are already at their standard states, there is not energy involved to form them from that very state; this is, the standard enthalpy of formation of the elements in their standard states is zero.
It is not zero for the compounds in its standard state, because energy should be released or absorbed to form the compounds from their consituent elements. Thus, the first choice is false.
When the bonds of the products store more energy than the those of the reactants, the difference is:
- ΔHf = ΔHf products - ΔHf reactants > 0, meaning that ΔHf is positive. Hence, the second statement is true.
Third is false because forming the compounds may require to use (absorb) or release (produce) energy, which means that ΔHf could be positive or negative.
Fourth statement is false, because the standard state of many elements is not liquid. For example, it is required to supply energy to iron to make it liquid. Thus, the enthalpy of formation of iron in liquid state is not zero.
It breaks into calcium oxide and carbon di oxide.
