Question

How would different ratios of fuel and oxygen affect the altitude the rocket reaches?

Answer 1

For the rocket engine a lean or excessively rich air-fuel ratio will lead to a compromise in the power output and ultimately the altitude the rocket will reach. Hence which ever the ratio the altitude is greatly affected, unless the ideal ratio is archived.

The air-fuel ratio is the ratio of the amount of air need to burn a part of fuel in a combustion cycle, the ratio is basically a compromise between fuel economy and  optimum power output.

For a gasoline engine for example, the ideal air-fuel mixture of 14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel.

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