Question

if it is true that the net charge in the universe does not change, how is it ever possible to charge an object that was initially electrically neutral?

Answer 1

By transferring electrical charges from one object to another

Explanation:

The law of conservation of electric charge states that the total electric charge of the universe is constant, therefore no charge can be created or destroyed, but only transferred.

Indeed, when an object is charged, this is due to the fact that charge carriers (typically electrons) are transferred to/from the object.

Consider an object initially neutral: this means that the object has initially an equal amount of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electron).

Later, if we remove electrons from the object, then it will remain with an excess of protons: therefore, it will be positively charged. However, the electrons have not disappeared: simply, they have been moved somewhere else (on another object, for example, which will become negatively charged: so, the total net charge will still be zero).

Similarly, if we add electrons to the object, it will become negatively charged: however, the electrons have been removed from another object which is now positively charged, so the net charge still has not changed.

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