Answer:
- CFJA17
- THZ561
- GJA561
- GH68
- N461
- DG56
- BSJ57
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Answer:
a. electrophilic aromatic substitution
b. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
c. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
d. electrophilic aromatic substitution
e. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
f. electrophilic aromatic substitution
Explanation:
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where a hydrogen atom or a functional group that is attached to the aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions can be classified into five classes: 1-Halogenation: is the replacement of one or more hydrogen (H) atoms in an organic compound by a halogen such as, for example, bromine (bromination), chlorine (chlorination), etc; 2- Nitration: the replacement of H with a nitrate group (NO2); 3-Sulfonation: the replacement of H with a bisulfite (SO3H); 4-Friedel-CraftsAlkylation: the replacement of H with an alkyl group (R), and 5-Friedel-Crafts Acylation: the replacement of H with an acyl group (RCO). For example, the Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution to produce a wide range of chemical compounds (chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, benzene sulfonic acid, etc).
A nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where an electron-rich nucleophile displaces a leaving group (for example, a halide on the aromatic ring). There are six types of nucleophilic substitution mechanisms: 1-the SNAr (addition-elimination) mechanism, whose name is due to the Hughes-Ingold symbol ''SN' and a unimolecular mechanism; 2-the SN1 reaction that produces diazonium salts 3-the benzyne mechanism that produce highly reactive species (including benzyne) derived from the aromatic ring by the replacement of two substituents; 4-the free radical SRN1 mechanism where a substituent on the aromatic ring is displaced by a nucleophile with the formation of intermediary free radical species; 5-the ANRORC (Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure) mechanism, involved in reactions of metal amide nucleophiles and substituted pyrimidines; and 6-the Vicarious nucleophilic substitution, where a nucleophile displaces an H atom on the aromatic ring but without leaving groups (such as, for example, halogen substituents).
Have a high suface area to volume ratio
Answer:
6ΔG°(f) H₂O = -229 Kj/mol
Explanation:
4NH₃(g) + 5O₂(g) => 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(g)
ΔG°(f) 4mol(-16.66Kj/mol) | 5mol(0Kj/mol) || 4mol(+86.71Kj/mol) | 6ΔG°(f) H₂O
Hess's Law
ΔG°(Rxn) = ∑ΔG°(f) Products - ∑ΔG°(f) Reactants
-957.9 Kj = [(4mol(+86.71Kj/mol)) + 6ΔG°(f) H₂O(g)] - [4mol(-16.66Kj/mol) + 5mol(0Kj/mol)]
-957.9 Kj = [4(86.7)Kj + 6ΔG°(f) H₂O] - [4(-16.66)Kj] = 346.84Kj + 6ΔG°(f) H₂O + 66.64Kj
ΔG°(f) H₂O = ((-957.9 - 346.84 -66.64)/6)Kj = -228.56 Kj ≅ -228.6 Kj*
*Verified with Standard Heat of Formation Table
