Sunlight is an example of EM waves. Other examples
include radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays. I hope this helps.
I will name block a as Ma=5 kg, block b as Mb=10 kg and mass of the pulley M=3 kg and radius as R. Since the system will accelerate in the direction of the block b because it has greater mass, I will take that direction as positive. Both blocks and the pulley have the same acceleration because the slipping on the pulley is neglected. First, the equations of motion:
Mb*g-Tg=MbαR and
Ta-Ma*g=MaαR,
where Ta and Tb are the tensions of the cord, g=9.81 m/s^2 and α is the angular accereration. Also a=αR where a is the acceleration of the system.
Now the equation of rotational dynamics of a solid body:
(Tb-Ta)R=Iα=(1/2)*M*R^2*α, where (1/2)*M*R^2 is the moment of inertia of a disc.
When we input Tb=Mb*g - Mb*α*R and Ta=Ma*g + Ma*α*R from the first two equations into the third we get: (Mb*g - Mb*α*R - Ma*α*R - Ma*g)*R=(1/2)*M*R^2*α.
We solve for α and get: α=(Mb*g-Ma*g)/((1/2)*MR+Mb*R+Ma*R)=2.97 rad/s^2.
We know that a=α*R and we easily get a=0.4455 m/s^2
Answer:
a. There is a force on Jupiter toward the center of the orbit.
d. Jupiter is accelerating toward the center of the orbit.
Explanation:
Let us look at each of the choices one by one:
a. There is a force on Jupiter toward the center of the orbit.
True. The sun being at the center of Jupiter's orbit, pulls the planet towards it (providing the centripetal force), therefore, there exists a force on Jupiter toward the center of the orbit.
b. There is a force on Jupiter pulling it out from the center of the orbit.
Nope. The centripetal force due to gravity acts towards the center of the orbit.
c. There is a force on Jupiter in the direction of its motion.
Nope. There exists only the centripetal force acting towards the center of the orbit,
d. Jupiter is accelerating toward the center of the orbit.
Yes. Because of the centripetal force gravity provides, Jupiter is accelerating towards the center of the orbit, but it does not fall in because it has velocity perpendicular to the direction of its acceleration.
Acceleration is the rate at which an object picks up speed. deceleration is the rate at which an object loses speed.