Modern H. sapiens differ from the archaic form in that moderns have a high, vertical forehead, a mental eminene; and lack occipital bun. Modern homo sapiens have distinguishing features such as they have a short base, a high braincase, back of the skull is rounded and indicates a reduction in the neck muscles, face is reasonably small with a projecting nose bone among other features that makes them different from the other sapiens.
A case study of the effects of mutation: Sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease with severe symptoms, including pain and anemia. The disease is caused by a mutated version of the gene that helps make hemoglobin — a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
