The lightest weight element that is not a gas
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The ground-state electron configurations of transition metal ions are diamagnetic [Kr]
. The ion is diamagnetic because there all electrons are paired.
- A magnetic field repels diamagnetic materials because it induces an opposing magnetic field in them when it is applied, which produces a repelling force.
- In contrast, a magnetic field draws paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials together.
- All materials experience the quantum mechanical phenomenon known as diamagnetism, which is the only source of magnetism in a material.
- The magnetic dipoles within paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials exert an attracting force that outweighs the modest diamagnetic force.
- Diamagnetic materials have a magnetic permeability that is less than vacuum, or 0.
- Although superconductors behave as strong diamagnets, diamagnetism is often a modest effect that can only be observed by sophisticated laboratory equipment.
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