After equal masses absorb equal amounts of heat, the substance
with the greatest 'specific heat capacity' will have the smallest change
in temperature.
The specific heat capacities of those substances are ...
Water . . . . . 4,181 joules per kilogram-°C
Lead . . . . . . . . 125.6
Iron . . . . . . . . . 460.5
Basalt . . . . . . . . . 0.84
It looks like water is the easy winner.
THAT's why, in the days before electric blankets, hot-water bottles
were used to warm up a cold bed ... not hot-iron bottles or hot-basalt
bottles. A pound of hot water brings much more heat to the sheets
than a pound of any of those others.
Physics is not a strong subject for me, but I am almost 100% sure the answer is C.
Hope this helps!!
To thaw a product requires it to undergo the process of
being subjected to latent heat of fusion. In this process, there is no change
in temperature however there is a change of phase from solid to liquid. What is
being thawed here actually is the frozen ice into liquid water which is in the
vegetables.
From the references, the latent heat of fusion of water
is:
Δ H = 333.55 kJ / kg
Therefore the amount of heat required to thaw the frozen
vegetable is:
Heat required = Δ H * m
Heat required = (333.55 kJ / kg) (0.450 kg)
Heat required = 150.10 kJ
In 1 kcal there is 4.184 kJ, therefore:
Heat required = 150.10 kJ (1 kcal / 4.184 kJ)
<span>Heat required = 35.87 kcal</span>