Here light ray strikes to interface at an angle of 45 degree and then refracts into other medium such that it will bend towards boundary.
So here the angle of incidence will be less than the angle of refraction as light moves towards the boundary after refraction which mean it will bend away from the normal
here it can be said that medium 2 will be rarer then medium 1
So here the possible options are
1. Water
Air
2. Diamond
Air
So in above two options medium 1 is denser and medium 2 is rarer
What object do you need to match
<h3><u>Minimum uncertainty in the vertical component of the momentum of each photon:</u></h3>
According to Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle, both the “position and velocity of the particle” cannot be measured exactly at the same time. The momentum of the particle equals the product of its mass and velocity. And it can be inferred that the “product of the uncertainties” in the “momentum and the position” of a particle equals
.
Immediately after the photon has passed through the slit, given particle has a momentum uncertainty of
and its position uncertainty is
, then the minimum uncertainty in its momentum will be

They can change the direction of force which can result in easier movement.