When the phosphate groups of the single nucleotides combine to form the backbone of the nucleic acid, energy is released. This energy is used for polymerization.

Actually Welcome to the Concept of the Ionic bonds.
Since Sodium (Na) is a cation and Chlorine (Cl) is a Anion, they both form a Ionic bond called as NaCl (common salt)
So answer is, Na and Cl
To determine the amount of a certain element in a compound, we use the ratio of the elements from the compound. We calculate is follows:
45.0 g CCl4 ( 1 mol CCl4 / 153.82 g CCl4 ) ( 1 mol C / 1 mol CCl4 ) ( 12.01 g C / 1 mol C ) = 3.5135 g carbon present
Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.