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Daniel [21]
3 years ago
10

Science 10 workbook

Chemistry
1 answer:
Kruka [31]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

for more details are in the pic

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Hcl and nh3 react to form a white solid, nh4cl. if cotton plugs saturated with aqueous solutions of each are placed at the ends
IgorLugansk [536]

24.4 cm.

<h3>Explanation</h3>

HCl and NH₃ reacts to form NH₄Cl immediately after coming into contact. Where NH₄Cl is found is the place the two gases ran into each other. To figure out where the two gases came into contact, you'll need to know how fast they move relative to each other.

The speed of a HCl or NH₃ molecule depends on its <em>kinetic energy</em>.

E_\text{k} = 1/2 \; m \cdot v^{2}

Where

  • E_\text{k} is the <em>kinetic energy</em> of the molecule,
  • m its mass, and
  • v^{2} the square of its speed.

Besides, the <em>kinetic theory</em> <em>of gases</em> suggests that for an ideal gas,

E_\text{k} \propto T

where \text{T} its temperature in degrees kelvins. The two quantities are directly proportional to each other. In other words, the <em>average kinetic energy</em> of molecules shall be the same for <em>any ideal gas </em>at the same<em> temperature</em>. So is the case for HCl and NH₃

E_\text{k} (\text{HCl}) = E_\text{k} (\text{NH}_3)

m(\text{HCl}) \cdot v^{2}(\text{HCl}) = E_\text{k} (\text{HCl}) = E_\text{k} (\text{NH}_3) = m(\text{NH}_3) \cdot v^{2}(\text{NH}_3)

Where

  • m(\text{HCl}), v(\text{HCl}), and E_\text{k}(\text{NH_3}) the mass, speed, and kinetic energy of an HCl molecule;
  • m(\text{NH}_3), v(\text{NH}_3), and E_\text{k}(\text{NH}_3) the mass, speed, and kinetic energy of a NH₃ molecule.

The ratio between the mass of an HCl molecule and a NH₃ molecule equals to the ratio between their <em>molar mass</em>. HCl has a molar mass of 35.45; NH₃ has a molar mass of 17.03. As a result, m(\text{HCl}) = 36.45 / 17.03 \; m(\text{NH}_3). Therefore:

36.45 /17.03\; m(\text{NH}_3) \cdot v^{2}(\text{HCl}) = m(\text{HCl}) \cdot v^{2}(\text{HCl}) = m(\text{NH}_3) \cdot v^{2}(\text{NH}_3)

36.45 /17.03\; v^{2}(\text{HCl}) = v^{2}(\text{NH}_3)

\sqrt{36.45 /17.03}\; v(\text{HCl}) = v(\text{NH}_3)

The <em>average </em>speed NH₃ molecules would be  \sqrt{36.45/17.03} \approx 1.463 <em>if</em>  the <em>average </em>speed of HCl molecules v(\text{HCl}) is 1.

\text{Time before the two gases meet} = \frac{\text{Length of the Tube}}{v(\text{HCl}) + v(\text{NH}_3)}

\text{Distance from the HCl end} = v(\text{HCl}) \times \text{Time before the two gases meet}\\\phantom{\text{Distance from the HCl end}} = v(\text{HCl}) \times \frac{ \text{Length of the Tube}}{v(\text{HCl}) + v(\text{NH}_3)}\\\phantom{\text{Distance from the HCl end}} = \frac{v(\text{HCl})}{v(\text{HCl}) + v(\text{NH}_3)} \times \text{Length of the Tube}\\\phantom{\text{Distance from the HCl end}} = \frac{1}{1 + 1.463} \times 60.0\; \text{cm} \\\phantom{\text{Distance from the HCl end}} = 24.4 \; \text{cm}

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Maksim231197 [3]

Answer:

Hydrogen bonding, Dipole-dipole

Explanation:

Let us look closely at the structure of H2S, this will enable us to decide if it will show dipole-dipole interaction or not. Given that Sulphur has a greater electro negativity compared to Hydrogen, we expect that the S – H bond will be a polar bond with the direction of polarity pointing towards the sulphur atom according to the usual convention in chemistry. Now, we know that H2S is a bent molecule (there are two lone pairs on the central sulphur atom which leads to a bent molecular geometry), therefore, the vectorial sum of the bond dipole moments will produce a non- zero total dipole moment. This implies that there is a permanent non-zero dipole moment in H2S therefore we expect the molecule to exhibit dipole-dipole interactions .

Similarly, we know that hydrogen bonding exists when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative element such as fluorine, sulphur, oxygen etc. In H2S, hydrogen is bonded to sulphur hence we expect that there should be hydrogen bonding between H2S molecules. Hydrogen bonding is actually a type of dipole-dipole interaction.

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Which of the following is an example of a nonspontaneous process
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Answer:

A

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Because you have a picture in mind and you are already focused toward the dream there four no need to sleep walk
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