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viktelen [127]
3 years ago
13

18. Friction causes kinetic energy to be converted into

Biology
1 answer:
Vilka [71]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

thermal energy

Explanation:

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DNA Polymerase helps copy a DNA molecule during the process of what?
PtichkaEL [24]
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.

Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.

DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.

Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.



A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov

Structure of DNA polymerase

The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.

7 0
3 years ago
How was earth able to maintain the moderate temperatures that were necessary to support life ?
Setler [38]
<h3>Answer: The oceans and atmosphere help earth have moderate temperatures!</h3>

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3 years ago
Morgan, as an infant, had serious problems when breast feeding. he drooled excessively, choked, and became cyanotic. other than
dezoksy [38]

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TE) is a condition in which an abnormal channel (fistula) connects the trachea to the oesophagus. It is a birth defect and is characterized by extensive salivation with choking, vomiting and cyanosis during feeding. When eating, food substances move through abnormal connection and this can cause other illnesses. From the question given above, Morgan is likely have tracheoesophageal fistula.






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3 years ago
Example of continuous characters in plants​
zepelin [54]

Answer:

Continuous variations are formed due to chance segregation of genes during gamete formation, crossing over and chance combination during fertilization.  They can increase adaptability of the race but cannot form new species.

7 0
3 years ago
What process causes behavior patterns to change over generations as a result of reproductive success?
devlian [24]
Change through natural selection

Hope this Helps (:
4 0
3 years ago
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