Ration expressions cause excluded values wherever the denominator equals zero.
So, for any expression like
![h(x)=\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h%28x%29%3D%5Cdfrac%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7Bg%28x%29%7D)
-5 is an excluded value if ![g(-5)=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=g%28-5%29%3D0)
For example, the simplest one would be
![h(x) = \dfrac{1}{x+5}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h%28x%29%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%2B5%7D)
In fact, if you try to evaluate this function at -5, you'd have
![h(-5)=\dfrac{1}{5+5}=\dfrac{1}{0}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h%28-5%29%3D%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%2B5%7D%3D%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B0%7D)
which is undefined, and thus you can't evaluate the function, and thus -5 is an excluded value.