1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
nikitadnepr [17]
3 years ago
10

Which of the following are characteristic(s) of molecules. Select all that apply. Molecules consist of two or more atoms. Atoms

consist of two or more molecules. All molecules have a positive charge. All molecules have a neutral charge. All molecules have a negative charge.
Chemistry
2 answers:
Fantom [35]3 years ago
6 0

<u>Answer:</u> The correct statement is molecules consist of two or more atoms.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Molecules is formed by the combination of two more similar or different types of atoms.

Molecules of similar type of atoms are called as molecules of elements. For Example: H_2,O_2 etc..

Molecules of different type of atoms are called as molecules of compounds. For Example: CO_2,H_2O etc..

They can have either positive, negative or neutral charge.

Hence, the correct statement of all the given statements is molecules consist of two or more atoms.

Eddi Din [679]3 years ago
4 0

Molecules consist of two or more atoms, and all molecules have a neutral charge.

If a molecule has a charge, we call it an <em>ion</em>.

For example, SO₃ is a sulfur trioxide <em>molecule</em>, but SO₃²⁻ is a sulfite <em>ion</em>.

You might be interested in
The star Antares has a mass of 3.08 x 1031 kg.<br> How might this star be classified?
MatroZZZ [7]
A red super giant hope that helps
     

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 how many unpaired electrons are in the atom represented by the electron configuration above?
Sedbober [7]
It's a combination of factors:
Less electrons paired in the same orbital
More electrons with parallel spins in separate orbitals
Pertinent valence orbitals NOT close enough in energy for electron pairing to be stabilized enough by large orbital size
DISCLAIMER: Long answer, but it's a complicated issue, so... :)
A lot of people want to say that it's because a "half-filled subshell" increases stability, which is a reason, but not necessarily the only reason. However, for chromium, it's the significant reason.
It's also worth mentioning that these reasons are after-the-fact; chromium doesn't know the reasons we come up with; the reasons just have to be, well, reasonable.
The reasons I can think of are:
Minimization of coulombic repulsion energy
Maximization of exchange energy
Lack of significant reduction of pairing energy overall in comparison to an atom with larger occupied orbitals
COULOMBIC REPULSION ENERGY
Coulombic repulsion energy is the increased energy due to opposite-spin electron pairing, in a context where there are only two electrons of nearly-degenerate energies.
So, for example...
↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−− is higher in energy than
↑
↓
−−−−−

↓
↑
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−
To make it easier on us, we can crudely "measure" the repulsion energy with the symbol
Π
c
. We'd just say that for every electron pair in the same orbital, it adds one
Π
c
unit of destabilization.
When you have something like this with parallel electron spins...
↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−
It becomes important to incorporate the exchange energy.
EXCHANGE ENERGY
Exchange energy is the reduction in energy due to the number of parallel-spin electron pairs in different orbitals.
It's a quantum mechanical argument where the parallel-spin electrons can exchange with each other due to their indistinguishability (you can't tell for sure if it's electron 1 that's in orbital 1, or electron 2 that's in orbital 1, etc), reducing the energy of the configuration.
For example...
↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−− is lower in energy than
↑
↓
−−−−−

↓
↑
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−
To make it easier for us, a crude way to "measure" exchange energy is to say that it's equal to
Π
e
for each pair that can exchange.
So for the first configuration above, it would be stabilized by
Π
e
(
1
↔
2
), but the second configuration would have a
0
Π
e
stabilization (opposite spins; can't exchange).
PAIRING ENERGY
Pairing energy is just the combination of both the repulsion and exchange energy. We call it
Π
, so:
Π
=
Π
c
+
Π
e

Inorganic Chemistry, Miessler et al.
Inorganic Chemistry, Miessler et al.
Basically, the pairing energy is:
higher when repulsion energy is high (i.e. many electrons paired), meaning pairing is unfavorable
lower when exchange energy is high (i.e. many electrons parallel and unpaired), meaning pairing is favorable
So, when it comes to putting it together for chromium... (
4
s
and
3
d
orbitals)
↑
↓
−−−−−
↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−
compared to
↑
↓
−−−−−
↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−

↑
↓
−−−−−
is more stable.
For simplicity, if we assume the
4
s
and
3
d
electrons aren't close enough in energy to be considered "nearly-degenerate":
The first configuration has
Π
=
10
Π
e
.
(Exchanges:
1
↔
2
,
1
↔
3
,
1
↔
4
,
1
↔
5
,
2
↔
3
,

2
↔
4
,
2
↔
5
,
3
↔
4
,
3
↔
5
,
4
↔
5
)
The second configuration has
Π
=
Π
c
+
6
Π
e
.
(Exchanges:
1
↔
2
,
1
↔
3
,
1
↔
4
,
2
↔
3
,
2
↔
4
,
3
↔
4
)
Technically, they are about
3.29 eV
apart (Appendix B.9), which means it takes about
3.29 V
to transfer a single electron from the
3
d
up to the
4
s
.
We could also say that since the
3
d
orbitals are lower in energy, transferring one electron to a lower-energy orbital is helpful anyways from a less quantitative perspective.
COMPLICATIONS DUE TO ORBITAL SIZE
Note that for example,
W
has a configuration of
[
X
e
]
5
d
4
6
s
2
, which seems to contradict the reasoning we had for
Cr
, since the pairing occurred in the higher-energy orbital.
But, we should also recognize that
5
d
orbitals are larger than
3
d
orbitals, which means the electron density can be more spread out for
W
than for
Cr
, thus reducing the pairing energy
Π
.
That is,
Π
W
5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The freezing-point depression of a 0.100 m MgSO4 solution is 0.225°C. Determine the experimental van't Hoff factor of MgSO4 at t
Andrews [41]

<u>Answer:</u> The experimental van't Hoff factor is 1.21

<u>Explanation:</u>

The expression for the depression in freezing point is given as:

\Delta T_f=iK_f\times m

where,

i = van't Hoff factor = ?

\Delta T_f = depression in freezing point  = 0.225°C

K_f = Cryoscopic constant  = 1.86°C/m

m = molality of the solution = 0.100 m

Putting values in above equation, we get:

0.225^oC=i\times 1.86^oC/m\times 0.100m\\\\i=\frac{0.225}{1.86\times 0.100}=1.21

Hence, the experimental van't Hoff factor is 1.21

7 0
3 years ago
Some fuel cells are powered by hydrogen. Scientists are looking into the decomposition of water (H2O) to make hydrogen fuel with
skad [1K]

A.  Decomposing water requires a high activation energy.

Explanation:

In decomposing water to release hydrogen gas to make fuel cells, the process requires a very high activation energy.

                             2H₂O ⇆ 2H₂  + O₂

 This is the overall reaction. O-H must be broken to release free hydrogen to produce hydrogen gas.

The O-H bond is a very strong force of attraction that requires a high activation energy to overcome.

  • The activation energy is the energy barrier that must be overcome before a reaction takes place.
  • The sun is a renewable source of energy.
  • Water decomposition produces useful oxygen gas needed by all life for cellular respiration.

Learn more:

Source of energy brainly.com/question/2948717

#learnwithBrainly

4 0
2 years ago
What protects living things from too much ultraviolets radiation?
mixas84 [53]
The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere is what protects living things from too much ultraviolet radiation, if that's what you're asking about. 
8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Calculate the mass of calcium carbide produced if 1770 kJ of heat is absorbed.
    13·1 answer
  • The temperature of a system rises by 45°C during a heating process. Express this rise in temperature in Kelvin. (Round the final
    15·1 answer
  • Which of the following is a hypothesis that you could form about how soil
    8·1 answer
  • I really need help with this!
    13·1 answer
  • What is the empirical formula of a molecule containing 18.7% lithium, 16.3% carbon, and 65% oxygen?
    15·1 answer
  • Water can be made to boil at 105 degrees Celsius instead of 100 degrees Celsius by
    8·1 answer
  • A sodium ion, Na+, with a charge of 1.6×10−19C and a chloride ion, Cl− , with charge of −1.6×10−19C, are separated by a distance
    5·1 answer
  • Una solución contiene 25.10 ml de H2SO4 (densidad de 1.34 g/ml). Calcular la molaridad, moralidad, normalidad, fracción molar de
    9·1 answer
  • The element Y has 13 electrons. What is the electronic configuration of
    5·1 answer
  • Help a kid in need, easy points.
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!