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Brilliant_brown [7]
3 years ago
14

What are the respective roles of grb2 and sos in the activation of ras by egfr?

Chemistry
1 answer:
valina [46]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Role is defined below

Explanation:

A small GTP-binding protein, is an important module of the signal transduction pathway used by growth factors to initiate cell growth and differentiation. Cellular activation with growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces Ras to move from an inactive state linked to GDP to an active state linked to GTP. In recent times, a mixture of genetic and biochemical studies has resulted in the elucidation of a signaling pathway that leads from growth factor receptors to Ras. After joining EGF, the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase is activated, which leads to receptor auto phosphorylation in multiple tyrosine residues. Signaling proteins with homology domains Src 2 (SH2) then bind to these phosphorylated residues in tyrosine, initiating multiple signaling cascades. Distinct of these SH2 area proteins, Grb2, exists in the cytoplasm in a preformed complex with a second protein, Son of Sevenless (Sos), which can catalyze the Ras GTP / GDP exchange. After stimulation of the growth factor, the phosphorylated EGF receptor with tyrosine binds to the Grb2 / Sos complex and translocates it to the plasma membrane. It is believed that this translocation brings Sos closer to Ras, which leads to the activation of Ras. In dissimilarity, the insulin receptor does not bind Grb2 directly, but rather induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins, the substrate-1 insulin receptor and Shc, which bind to the Grb2 / Sos complex. Once Ras is activated, a cascade of protein kinases that are important in a myriad of growth factor responses is stimulated.

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Which is the most concentratic acid​
denis23 [38]

Answer:

Tetraoxosulphate vi acid (H2SO4)

Explanation:

Becauses it ionizes completely

5 0
2 years ago
Given the following thermodynamic data, calculate the lattice energy of LiCl:
tiny-mole [99]

Answer:

\boxed{\text{-862 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

One way to calculate the lattice energy is to use Hess's Law.

The lattice energy U is the energy released when the gaseous ions combine to form a solid ionic crystal:

Li⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g) ⟶ LiCl(s); U = ?

We must generate this reaction rom the equations given.

(1)  Li(s) + ½Cl₂ (g) ⟶ LiCl(s);      ΔHf°     = -409 kJ·mol⁻¹

(2) Li(s) ⟶ Li(g);                          ΔHsub =    161 kJ·mol⁻¹

(3) Cl₂(g) ⟶ 2Cl(g)                     BE        =   243 kJ·mol⁻¹

(4) Li(g) ⟶Li⁺(g) +e⁻                   IE₁         =   520 kJ·mol⁻¹

(5) Cl(g) + e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻(g)                EA₁       =  -349 kJ·mol⁻¹

Now, we put these equations together to get the lattice energy.

                                                <u>E/kJ </u> 

(5) Li⁺(g) +e⁻ ⟶ Li(g)                520

(6) Li(g) ⟶ Li(s)                         -161

(7) Li(s) + ½Cl₂(g) ⟶ LiCl(s)     -409

(8) Cl(g) ⟶ ½Cl₂(g)                   -121.5

(9) Cl⁻(g) ⟶ Cl(g) + e⁻               <u>+349</u>

      Li⁺(g) +  Cl⁻(g) ⟶ LiCl(s)     -862

The lattice energy of LiCl is \boxed{\textbf{-862 kJ/mol}}.

3 0
2 years ago
Forests are the only carbon sinks on Earth. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
dmitriy555 [2]
False, as oceans can act as carbon sinks along with forests. 
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
An observation that does not deal with numbers?
enyata [817]
Qualitative observation. Which is data or information with your senses such as sight, taste, smell, and touch.
5 0
3 years ago
Why is time plotted on the x axis and distance on the y axis?
SIZIF [17.4K]

Answer:

Because time is independent of distance, and distance is dependent of time.

Explanation:

Usually, on any graph, the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and the dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis. Because of this, time, which is independent (time happens regardless of any other factor), is on the x-axis while distance, which is the dependent variable (can only take place in time), is on the y-axis.

6 0
3 years ago
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