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sleet_krkn [62]
3 years ago
9

A triangular roadside channel is poorly lined with riprap. The channel has side slopes of 2:1 (H:V) and longitudinal slope of 2.

5 percent. Determine the flow rate (cubic meters per second) in the channel if flow is uniform and the top width of the flowing channel is 5 meters.
Engineering
1 answer:
Oliga [24]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Q = 14.578 m³/s

Explanation:

Given

We use the Manning Equation as follows

Q = (1/n)*A*(∛R²)*(√S)

where

  • Q = volumetric water flow rate passing through the stretch of channel (m³/s for S.I.)
  • A = cross-sectional area of flow perpendicular to the flow direction, (m² for S.I.)
  • S = bottom slope of channel, m/m (dimensionless) = 2.5% = 0.025
  • n = Manning roughness coefficient (empirical constant), dimensionless = 0.023
  • R = hydraulic radius = A/P (m for S.I.) where :
  • A = cross-sectional area of flow as defined above,
  • P = wetted perimeter of cross-sectional flow area (m for S.I.)

we get A as follows

A = (B*h)/2

where

B = 5 m (the top width of the flowing channel)

h = (B/2)*(m) = (5 m/2)*(1/2) = 1.25 m   (the deep)

A = (5 m*1.25 m/2) = 3.125 m²

then we find P

P = 2*√((B/2)²+h²)   ⇒  P = 2*√((2.5 m)²+(1.25 m)²) = 5.59 m

⇒ R = A/P ⇒ R = 3.125 m²/5.59 m = 0.559 m

Substituting values into the Manning equation gives:

Q = (1/0.023)*(3.125 m²)*(∛(0.559 m)²)*(√0.025)

⇒ Q = 14.578 m³/s

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In normal operation, a paper mill generates excess steam at 20 bar and 400◦C. It is planned to use this steam as the feed to a t
Keith_Richards [23]

Answer:

The maximum power that can be generated is 127.788 kW

Explanation:

Using the steam table

Enthalpy at 20 bar = 2799 kJ/kg

Enthalpy at 2 bar = 2707 kJ/kg

Change in enthalpy = 2799 - 2707 = 92 kJ/kg

Mass flow rate of steam = 5000 kg/hr = 5000 kJ/hr × 1 hr/3600 s = 1.389 kg/s

Maximum power generated = change in enthalpy × mass flow rate = 92 kJ/kg × 1.389 kg/s = 127.788 kJ/s = 127.788 kW

6 0
3 years ago
The function below takes a single parameter, a list of numbers called number_list. Complete the function to return a string of t
makkiz [27]

Answer:

The solution code is written in Python:

  1. def convertCSV(number_list):
  2.    str_list = []
  3.    for num in number_list:
  4.        str_list.append(str(num))
  5.    
  6.    return ",".join(str_list)
  7. result = convertCSV([22,33,44])
  8. print(result)

Explanation:

Firstly, create a function "convertCSV" with one parameter "number_list". (Line 1)

Next, create an empty list and assign it to a new variable <em>str_list</em>. (Line 2)

Use for-loop to iterate through all the number in the <em>number_list</em>.(Line 4). Within the loop, each number is converted to a string using the Python built-in function <em>str() </em>and then use the list append method to add the string version of the number to <em>str_list</em>.

Use Python string<em> join() </em>method to join all the elements in the str_list as a single string. The "," is used as a separator between the elements (Line 7) . At the end return the string as an output.

We can test the function by calling the function and passing [22,33,34] as an argument and we shall see "22,33,44" is printed as an output. (Line 9 - 10)

6 0
3 years ago
Determine the following parameters for the water having quality x=0.7 at 200 kPa:
ra1l [238]

Solution :

Given :

Water have quality x = 0.7 (dryness fraction) at around pressure of 200 kPa

The phase diagram is provided below.

a). The phase is a standard mixture.

b). At pressure, p = 200 kPa, T = $T_{saturated}$

   Temperature = 120.21°C

c). Specific volume

  $v_{f}= 0.001061, \ \ v_g=0.88578 \ m^3/kg$

  $v_x=v_f+x(v_g-v_f)$

       $=0.001061+0.7(0.88578-0.001061)$

       $=0.62036 \ m^3/kg$

d). Specific energy (u_x)

    $u_f=504.5 \ kJ/kg, \ \ u_{fg}=2024.6 \ kJ/kg$

   $u_x=504.5 + 0.7(2024.6)$

         $=1921.72 \ kJ/kg$

e). Specific enthalpy $(h_x)$

   At $h_f = 504.71, \ \ h_{fg} = 2201.6$

   h_x=504.71+(0.7\times 2201.6)

        $= 2045.83 \ kJ/kg$

f). Enthalpy at m = 0.5 kg

  $H=mh_x$

       $= 0.5 \times 2045.83$

       = 1022.91 kJ

7 0
3 years ago
A fatigue test was conducted in which the mean stress was 46.2 MPa and the stress amplitude was 219 MPa.
sleet_krkn [62]

Answer:

a)σ₁ = 265.2 MPa

b)σ₂ = -172.8 MPa

c)Stress\ ratio =-0.65

d)Range = 438 MPa

Explanation:

Given that

Mean stress ,σm= 46.2 MPa

Stress amplitude ,σa= 219 MPa

Lets take

Maximum stress level = σ₁

Minimum stress level =σ₂

The mean stress given as

\sigma_m=\dfrac{\sigma_1+\sigma_2}{2}

2\sigma_m={\sigma_1+\sigma_2}

2 x 46.2 =  σ₁ +  σ₂

 σ₁ +  σ₂ = 92.4 MPa    --------1

The amplitude stress given as

\sigma_a=\dfrac{\sigma_1-\sigma_2}{2}

2\sigma_a={\sigma_1-\sigma_2}

2 x 219 =  σ₁ -  σ₂

 σ₁ -  σ₂ = 438 MPa    --------2

By adding the above equation

2  σ₁ = 530.4

σ₁ = 265.2 MPa

-σ₂ = 438 -265.2 MPa

σ₂ = -172.8 MPa

Stress ratio

Stress\ ratio =\dfrac{\sigma_{min}}{\sigma_{max}}

Stress\ ratio =\dfrac{-172.8}{265.2}

Stress\ ratio =-0.65

Range = 265.2 MPa - ( -172.8 MPa)

Range = 438 MPa

8 0
3 years ago
A transformer winding contains 900 turns of wire which creates 400 ohms of primary importance how many terms of the same size wi
Eduardwww [97]

Answer: 255

255 turns are required to create 25 ohms of  secondary impedance.

Explanation:

Given that,

Number of turns in primary wire N₁ = 900

impedance on Primary wire Z₁ = 400 ohms

Number of turns in Secondary wire N₂ = ?

impedance on Secondary wire Z₂ = 25 ohms

we know that, the relationship between turn and impedance is

Zp / Zs = ( Np / Ns )²

(Primary impedance / secondary impedance) = Number of turns in primary wire / Number of turns in secondary wire)²

there fore

Z₁ / Z₂ = ( N₁ / N₂ )²

Now we substitute

( 400 / 25 ) = ( 900 / N₂ )²

400 / 25 = 900² / N₂²

we cross multiple to get our N₂

400 × N₂² =  900² × 25

N₂² = ( 900² × 25 ) / 400

N₂² = ( 810000 × 25 ) / 400

N₂² = 20250000 / 400

N₂² = 50625

N₂ = √50625

N₂ = 225

Therefore 255 turns are required to create 25 ohms of  secondary impedance.

4 0
2 years ago
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