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Vlada [557]
3 years ago
15

Draw the products of Claisen condensation of (a) ethyl propanoate; (b) ethyl-3-methylbutanoate; (c) ethyl pentanoate. For each,

the base used is sodium ethoxide and the solvent is ethanol.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Nonamiya [84]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Structures of products has been shown below

Explanation:

  • In claisen condensation, two ester molecules combines with each other through nucleophilic acyl substitution resulting formation of a \beta-ketoester.
  • At first, one ester molecule gets deprotonated in presence of a strong base e.g. NaOEt yielding a carbanion.
  • The carbanion then gives nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction with another ester molecule to replace alkoxy group present in ester group
  • General reaction mechanism of claisen condensation along with products of given esters are shown below.

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Arterial blood contains about 0.25 g of oxygen per liter at 37°C and standard atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions, the
Olin [163]

Firstly we need to determine the partial pressure of O2:

\begin{gathered} P_{O_2}=X\times P_T \\ P_{O_2}:partial\text{ }pressure \\ X:mole\text{ }fraction \\ P_T:total\text{ }pressure \\  \\ P_{O_2}=0.209\times0.35\text{ }atm \\ P_{O_2}=0.073\text{ }atm \end{gathered}

We will now use the Henry's Law equation to determine the solubility of the gas:

\begin{gathered} c=K_H\times P_{O_2} \\ c:solubility\text{ }or\text{ }concentration\text{ }of\text{ }the\text{ }gas(M) \\ K_H:Henry^{\prime}sLawconstant=3.7\times10^{-2}M\text{ }atm^{-1} \\ P_{O_2}:partial\text{ }pressure\text{ }of\text{ }the\text{ }gas=0.073atm \\  \\ c=3.7\times10^{-2}M\text{ }atm^{-1}\times0.073 \\ c=2.7\times10^{-3}M \end{gathered}

Answer: Solubility is 2.7x10^-3 M

6 0
1 year ago
3. What determines the mass number of an element?<br> The mumhor of nrotons
ArbitrLikvidat [17]

Answer: The number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number.

Explanation:

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3 years ago
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What is the air speed of a unladen swallow?
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Answer: An african or a european swallow?

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3 years ago
Which of these is an isoelectronic series? 1) na+, k+, rb+, cs+ 2) k+, ca2+, or, s2– 3) na+, mg2+, s2–, cl– 4) li, be, b, c 5) n
ss7ja [257]
An isoelectronic series is where all of the ions listed have the same number of electrons in their atoms. When an atom has net charge of zero or neutral, it has equal number of protons and electrons. Hence, it means that the atomic number = no. of protons = no. of electrons. If these atoms become ions, they gain a net charge of + or -. Positive ions are cations. This means that they readily GIVE UP electrons, whereas negative ions (anions) readily ACCEPT electrons. So, to know which of these are isoelectronic, let's establish first the number of electron in a neutral atom from the periodic table:

Na=11; K=19; Rb=37; Cs = 55; Ca=20; S=16; Mg=12; Li=3; Be=4; B=5; C=6

A. Na⁺: 11-1 = 10 electrons
     K⁺: 19 - 1 = 18 electrons
     Rb⁺: 37-1 = 36 electrons

B. K⁺: 19 - 1 = 18 electrons
    Ca²⁺: 20 - 2 = 18 electrons
    S²⁻:  16 +2 = 18 electrons

C. Na⁺: 11-1 = 10 electrons
    Mg²⁺: 12 - 2 = 10 electrons
     S²⁻:  16 +2 = 18 electrons

D. Li=3 electrons
    Be=4 electrons
    B=5 electrons
    C=6 electrons

The answer is letter B.
7 0
3 years ago
When a person in the hospital is given fluids intravenously, the fluid is typically a saline (salt) solution with about the same
Sati [7]

Answer:

Swelling of the red blood cells occurs.

Explanation:

  • <u>Distilled water makes the blood hypotonic ,. that is a less concentrated solution, to the body  tissues including  the red blood cells. </u>
  • Therefore the water will enter the red blood cells and may cause them to lyse or swell.
  • <em>Additionally , water will enter the tissue spaces and cause sweling. </em>
  • But in the case of a hypertonic solution , ( a salt or saline solution ) , <em>This swelling does not happen because the concentration of the saline will be equal or more than the blood. </em>
  • Thus the water will flow only from the blood to the solution. <u>This will not cause swelling.</u>
  • But too much of salt is also not recommended.
5 0
3 years ago
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