1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Natalka [10]
3 years ago
9

In this problem set, you will implement multidimensional scaling (MDS) from scratch. You may use standard matrix/vector librarie

s (e.g. numpy) but you must implement two dimensional MDS itself on your own and not use an existing software package. MDS attempts to find an arrangement of points such that the distances between points match human-judged similarities. To do this, we will minimize the stress, which is the squared difference between psychological and MDS distances:
Engineering
1 answer:
EleoNora [17]3 years ago
8 0

Features of Multidimensional scaling(MDS) from scratch is described below.

Explanation:

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a way to reduce the dimensionality of data to visualize it.  We basically want to project our (likely highly dimensional) data into a lower dimensional space and preserve the distances between points.  

If we have some highly complex data that we project into some lower N dimensions, we will assign each point from our data a coordinate in this lower dimensional space, and the idea is that these N dimensional coordinates are ordered based on their ability to capture variance in the data.  Since we can only visualize things in 2D, this is why it is common to assess your MDS based on plotting the first and second dimension of the output.  

If you look at the output of an MDS algorithm, which will be points in 2D or 3D space, the distances represent similarity. So very close points = very similar, and points farther away from one another = less similar.

Working of MDS

The input to the MDS algorithm is our proximity matrix.  There are  two kinds of classical MDS that we could use:  Classical (metric) MDS is for data that has metric properties, like actual distances from a map or calculated from a vector .Nonmetric MDS is for more ordinal data (such as human-provided similarity ratings) for which we can say a 1 is more similar than a 2, but there is no defined (metric) distance between the values of 1 and 2.

Uses

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a dataset. MDS is used to translate "information about the pairwise 'distances' among a set of n objects or individuals" into a configuration of n points mapped into an abstract Cartesian space.

You might be interested in
1. On a 2001 Honda Civic, while replacing fuel injectors, what do you coat the new O-rings with?
scoundrel [369]

Answer:

Coat new O-rings (D) with silicone oil or polyalkyleneglycol (PAG) oil, and pull them on the injectors.

3 0
3 years ago
When block C is in position xC = 0.8 m, its speed is 1.5 m/s to the right. Find the velocity of block A at this instant. Note th
Amanda [17]

Answer:

The answer is "2 m/s".

Explanation:

The triangle from of the right angle:

\to (x_c-0.8)+(1.5+y_4) +\sqrt{x_c^2 + 1.5^2}= constant

Differentiating the above equation:

\to V_c +V_A+ \frac{X_cV_c}{\sqrt{x_c^2 +1}}=0\\\\\to 1-V_A+ \frac{0.8 \times 1.5}{\sqrt{ 0.8^2+1.5}}=0\\\\

\to V_A=  \frac{1.2}{\sqrt{ 0.64+1.5}}+1\\\\

        = \frac{1.2}{ 1.46}+1\\\\= \frac{1.2+ 1.46}{ 1.46}\\\\ = \frac{2.66}{1.46}\\\\= 1.82 \ \frac{m}{s}\\\\= 2 \ \frac{m}{s}

3 0
2 years ago
The fins attached to a surface are determined to have an effectiveness of 0.9. Do the rate of heat transfer from the surface dec
Nesterboy [21]

Answer: The rate of heat transfer decreases.

Explanation:

Fin effectiveness is defined as the ratio of heat transfer rate from a  finned surface to the heat transfer rate from the same surface if there were no fins.  Its  value is expected to be greater than 1.

Having effectiveness  value of 0.9  which is less than 1 indicates that the heat transfer rate will decrease since a fin effectiveness smaller than 1 shows that the  fin acts as insulation (thermal insulation).

8 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between a refrigeration cycle and a heat pump cycle?
sukhopar [10]

Answer:

In refrigeration cycle heat transfer from inside refrigeration

In heat pump cycle heat transfer from environment

Explanation:

heat cycle is mechanical process use for cool the temperature but

In refrigeration heat transfer from inside of refrigeration that decrease temperature of refrigerator and in heat pump it decrease temperature negligible as compare to refrigerator

5 0
3 years ago
Please define the coefficient of thermal expansion?
Vikki [24]

Answer:

The coefficient of thermal expansion tells us how much a material can expand due to heat.

Explanation:

Thermal expansion occurs when a material is subjected to heat and changes it's shape, area and volume as a result of that heat. How much that material changes is dependent on it's coefficient of thermal expansion.

Different materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion (i.e. It is a material property and differs from one material to the next). It is important to understand how materials behave when heated, especially for engineering applications when a change in dimension might pose a problem or risk (eg. building large structures).

7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Solve the compound inequality. 3x − 4 > 5 or 1 − 2x ≥ 7
    8·1 answer
  • Which of the following describes fibers? a)- Single crystals with extremely large length-to-diameter ratios. b)- Polycrystalline
    10·1 answer
  • Fluorescent troffers are a type of _ lighting fixture
    6·1 answer
  • Answer back to question for la ,lot points
    10·1 answer
  • Need help with both giving out brainlest for the people to help me
    13·1 answer
  • Yall pls help me out
    7·1 answer
  • What is the scope of hazard review in a worksite analysis
    7·1 answer
  • A spherical metal ball of radius r_0 is heated in an oven to a temperature of T_1 throughout and is then taken out of the oven a
    6·1 answer
  • When hermetic refrigerant motor-compressors are designed to operate continuously at currents greater than 156 percent of the rat
    10·1 answer
  • Can you help me with this
    11·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!