Answer:
D By looking all the way to the cosmological horizon, we can see the actual conditions that prevailed all the way back to the first instant of the Big Bang.
Explanation:
Astrophysicists are able to determine the conditions that existed in the early universe, by using instruments such as telescopes to observe and study cosmic horizons. More ideas about the early universe can be found from the thermal light present in cosmic backgrounds.
Scientists study these details that provide an insight into the conditions that existed so many years ago. They have been able to determine that the Big Bang involved so many collisions from these observations.
Before Pluto was discovered, it was predicted. Astronomers had observed that massive objects can affect the orbits of its neighbors, and, after seeing deviations in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, assumed something substantial existed beyond their orbits.
When Pluto was spotted, it was thought to be the predicted object and was identified as a ninth planet.
A few decades later, astronomers started discovering more and more objects around other stars and didn’t know whether to call them planets or not. There appeared to be a need to define what a planet means, and that led to what some people consider Pluto’s demotion to a dwarf planet.
The International Astronomical Union decided that full-sized planets must orbit the sun, have a round shape, and have cleared their orbits of other objects. Pluto fulfills the first two criteria, but not the third.
It still goes around the sun, it’s round enough, it’s got moons, and behaves like a planet, but the idea is that Pluto did not form the same way as the rest of the planets. Pluto’s orbit is both eccentric and inclined more than the rest of the planets by about 17 degrees. That’s suggests something is different about this object.
This debate about whether to call it a planet or not is silly, because it doesn’t matter to Pluto what you call it. It is an interesting object, goes around the sun, and shows geology and an atmosphere.
There’s a tendency to define objects based on what they are now, but nothing is constant in the universe. There are some issues with the nomenclature, and a definition today may not apply to the same object tomorrow.
Answer:
Explanation:
The speed increased from 2.0 * 10^7 m/s to 4.0 * 10^7 m/s over a 1.2 cm distance.
Let us find the acceleration:
Electric force is given as the product of charge and electric field strength:
F = qE
where q = electric charge
E = Electric field strength
Force is generally given as:
F = ma
where m = mass
a = acceleration
Equating both:
ma = qE
E = ma / q
For an electron:
m = 9.11 × 10^{-31} kg
q = 1.602 × 10^{-19} C
Therefore, the electric field strength of the electron is:
