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Veronika [31]
3 years ago
10

In Photosystem II, an excited electron helps pump hydrogen into the thylakoid. What are the hydrogen ions used for? Explain how

this process converts forms of energy.
Biology
1 answer:
Darya [45]3 years ago
5 0

After the special pair gives up its electron, it has a positive charge and needs a new electron. This electron is provided through the splitting of water molecules, a process carried out by a portion of PSII called the manganese center^9 . The positively charged P680 can pull electrons off of water (which doesn't give them up easily) because it's extremely "electron-hungry."

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Barred feather pattern is a Z-linked dominant trait in chickens. What offspring would you expect from (a) the cross of a barred
Bezzdna [24]

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Let the "barred" allele be caller B and the "non-white" allele b. Since chickens use chromosomes Z  and W to determine sex, hens would have chromosomes ZW, and roosters would have chromosomes ZZ. A Z-linked gene is represented as a superscript on the Z chromosome, Z^{B} for the dominant allele and Z^{b} for the ressesive allele.

A barred hen would have a copy of B on its Z chromosome, a non-barred rooster would have both copies of b on both Z chromosomes. Using Punnet squares to represent the crosses we get the following cases:

\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c| }\ & Z^{B} & W \\ \ Z^{b} & Z^{B}Z^{b} & Z^{b}W \\ \ Z^{b} & Z^{B}Z^{b} & Z^{b}W \\ \end{tabular}\end{center}

That is a ratio of two barred heterozygote roosters to two non-barred hens. Crossing them we get:

\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c| }\ & Z^{b} & W \\ \ Z^{B} & Z^{B}Z^{b} & Z^{B}W \\ \ Z^{b} & Z^{b}Z^{b} & Z^{b}W \\ \end{tabular}\end{center}

That is a ratio of one barred heterozygote rooster to one barred hen to one non-barred rooster to one non barred hen.

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