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a) find the state-space representation of the system. b) is the system controllable? why? c) is the system observable? why

mart [117]

If a controlled input can transfer (alter) the control system's initial states to some other desired states in a finite amount of time, the control system is said to be controllable.

Using Kalman's test, we can determine whether a control system is controllable. The evolution model for the state variables (time-varying unknowns) and the observation model, which connects the observations to the state variables, make up the state space representation of a dynamical system. The capacity to move a system about in its full configuration space using just specific permitted actions is generally referred to as controllability. The precise definition changes slightly depending on the model type or framework used.

Learn more about control here-

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5 0

1 year ago

Pls list up to five key lessons and knowledge areas that you have acquired in this course about operations management. How do yo

Aneli [31]

Explanation:

Production planning: Planning is ideal so that there are the right resources, at the right time and in the right quantity that can meet the production needs of a period.

Strategies: The strategic development of production is the area that will assist in organizational competitiveness and in meeting consumer demand and needs.

Product and service design: Development of new products and services and their improvement, innovations and greater benefits

Production systems: Study of physical arrangements so that production takes place effectively according to the ideal layout for each type of product or service.

Production capacity planning: Analysis of the short, medium and long term related to production, and identification if necessary to obtain more resources, increase in staff, machinery, etc., to meet present and future demands.

<em>Each area of knowledge acquired will assist in the development of a professional career, as technical knowledge is essential in decision-making, provision, problem solving, the development of new ideas and innovation.</em>

3 0

3 years ago

A particle moves along a straight line with a velocity V=(200s) mm/s, where s is in millimeters. Determine acceleration of the p

iragen [17]

Answer:

200 mm/s²

Explanation:

See it in the pic

8 0

3 years ago

With a very precise volumetric measuring device, the volume of a liquid sample is determined to be 6.321 L (liters). Three stude

zheka24 [161]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Solution:-

- Three students measure the volume of a liquid sample which is 6.321 L.

- Each student measured the liquid sample 4 times. The data is provided for each measurement taken by each student as follows:

Students

Trial A B C

1 6.35 6.31 6.38

2 6.32 6.31 6.32

3 6.33 6.32 6.36

4 6.36 6.35 6.36

- We will define the two terms stated in the question " precision " and "accuracy"

- Precision refers to how close the values are to the sample mean. The dense cluster of data is termed to be more precise. We will use the knowledge of statistics and determine the sample standard deviation for each student.

- The mean measurement taken by each student would be as follows:

$E ( A ) = \frac{6.35 +6.32+6.33+6.36}{4} \\\\E ( A ) = 6.34\\\\E ( B ) = \frac{6.31 +6.31+6.32+6.35}{4} \\\\E ( B ) = 6.3225\\\\E ( C ) = \frac{6.38 +6.32+6.36+6.36}{4} \\\\E ( C ) = 6.355\\$

- The precision can be quantize in terms of variance or standard deviation of data. Therefore, we will calculate the variance of each data:

$Var ( A ) = \frac{6.35^2+6.32^2+6.33^2+6.36^2}{4} - 6.34^2\\\\Var ( A ) = 0.00025\\\\Var ( B ) = \frac{6.31^2+6.31^2+6.32^2+6.35^2}{4} - 6.3225^2\\\\Var ( B ) = 0.00026875\\\\Var ( C ) = \frac{6.38^2+6.32^2+6.36^2+6.36^2}{4} - 6.355^2\\\\Var ( C ) = 0.000475\\$

- We will rank each student sample data in term sof precision by using the values of variance. The smallest spread or variance corresponds to highest precision. So we have:

Var ( A ) < Var ( B ) < Var ( C )

most precise Least precise

- Accuracy refers to how close the sample mean is to the actual data value. Where the actual volume of the liquid specimen was given to be 6.321 L. We will evaluate the percentage difference of sample values obtained by each student .

$P ( A ) = \frac{6.34-6.321}{6.321}*100= 0.30058\\\\P ( B ) = \frac{6.3225-6.321}{6.321}*100= 0.02373\\\\P ( C ) = \frac{6.355-6.321}{6.321}*100= 0.53788\\$

- Now we will rank the sample means values obtained by each student relative to the actual value of the volume of liquid specimen with the help of percentage difference calculated above. The least percentage difference corresponds to the highest accuracy as follows:

P ( B ) < P ( A ) < P ( C )

most accurate least accurate

7 0

3 years ago

PLEASEE HELP.!! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST.!! *EXTRA POINTS* DONT SKIP:((

Trava [24]

Answer:

16

Explanation:

Have a good day my friend

8 0

3 years ago

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