The main factor when x values are high is the nature of the function. For example, polynomial functions intrinsically grow slower than exponential functions when x is high. Also, the greater the degree of the polynomial, the more the function grows in absolute value as x goes to very large values.
In specific, this means that our 2 exponential functions grow faster than all the other functions (which are polynomial) and thus they take up the last seats. Also, 7^x grows slower than 8^x because the base is lower. Hence, the last is 8^x+3, the second to last is 7^x.
Now, we have that a polynomial of 2nd degree curves upwards faster than a linear polynomial when x is large. Hence, we have that the two 2nd degree polynomials will be growing faster than the 2 linear ones and hence we get that they fill in the middle boxes. Because x^2+4>x^2, we have that x^2+4 is the 4th from the top and x^2 is the 3rd from the top.
Finally, we need to check which of the remaining functions is larger. Now, 5x+3 is larger than 5x, so it goes to the 2nd box. Now we are done.
If the scale factor is 1 then it stays the same. If it's larger than 1 then is gets larger, so the fractions, which are smaller than 1, would make it shorter.
