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docker41 [41]
3 years ago
9

A student has two samples of NaCl, each one from a different source. Assume that the only potential contaminant in each sample i

s KCl. The student runs an experiment to determine the percent by mass of chlorine in each sample. From the results of this experiment alone, which of the following questions is most likely to be answered? A. Which sample has the higher purity? B. Which sample has the higher density? C. What is the source of the contaminants present in each of the samples? D. Which sample came from a salt mine, and which sample came from the ocean?
Chemistry
1 answer:
bija089 [108]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The correct option is;

A. Which sample has the higher purity

Explanation:

The information given relate to the presence of two samples of NaCl, from different sources

The only potential contaminant in each of the sources = KCl

The content of the sample = NaCl

The molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

The molar mass of KCl = 74.5513 g/mol

Let the number of moles of KCl in the sample = X

For a given mass of NaCl, KCl mixture, we have;

The molar mass of potassium = 39.0983 g/mol

The molar mass of chlorine = 35.453 g/mol

The molar mass of sodium ≈ 23 g/mol

Therefore;

Each mole of KCl, will yield 35.453 g/mol per 74.5513 g/mol of KCl

While each mole of NaCl will yield 35.453 g/mol per 58.44 g/mol of NaCl

Therefore, the pure sodium chloride sample will yield more chlorine per unit mass of sample.

As such if the two samples have the same mass, the sample with the contaminant of KCl will yield less mass of chlorine per unit mass of the sample, from which the student will be able to tell the purity of the solution.

The sample with the higher purity will yield  a higher mass chlorine per unit mass of the sample.

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A nuclear reactor core must stay at or below 95 °C to remain in good working condition. Cool water at a temperature of 10 °C is
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Answer:

\large \boxed{\text{67 000 g}}

Explanation:

This is a problem in calorimetry — the measurement of the quantities of heat that flow from one object to another.

It is based on the Law of Conservation of Energy — Energy can be transformed from one type to another, but it cannot be destroyed or created.

If heat flows out of the reactor (negative), the same amount of heat must flow into the water (positive).

Since there is no change in total energy,

heat₁ + heat₂ = 0

The symbol for the quantity of heat transferred is q, so we can rewrite the word equation as

q₁ + q₂  = 0

The formula for the heat absorbed or released by an object is

 q = mCΔT, where

 m = the mass of the sample

  C = the specific heat capacity of the sample, and

ΔT = T_f - T_i = the change in temperature

1. Equation

There are two heat flows in this problem,

heat released by reactor + heat absorbed by water = 0

               q₁                  +                        q₂                     = 0

               q₁                  +                 m₂C₂ΔT₂                 = 0

2. Data:

q₁ = -23 746 kJ

m₂ = ?; C₂ = 4.184 J°C⁻¹g⁻¹;  T_f = 95 °C; T_i = 10 °C

3. Calculations

(a) Convert kilojoules to joules

q_{1} = -\text{23 746 kJ} \times \dfrac{\text{1000 J}}{\text{1 kJ}} = -\text{23 746 000 J}

(b) ΔT  

ΔT₂ = T_f - T_i = 95 °C - 10 °C = 85 °C

(c) m₂

\begin{array}{rcl}q_{1} + q_{2} & = & 0\\\text{-23 746 000 J} + m_{2} \times 4.184 \text{ J$^{\circ}$C$^{-1}$g$^{-1}$} \times 85 \, ^{\circ}\text{C} & = & 0\\\text{-23 746 000 J} + 356m_{2} \text{J$\cdot$g}^{-1} & = & 0\\356m_{2} \text{g}^{-1} & = & 23746000\\m_2&=& \dfrac{23746000}{\text{356 g}^{-1}}\\\\ & = & \textbf{67000 g}\\\end{array}\\

\text{You must circulate $\large \boxed{\textbf{67 000 g}}$ of water each hour.}

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