In the second one I'm pretty sure you just measure the length of the points.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
4 times 1 = 4 so the top one would be 4/12, but i can't help with the rest because i don't understand what they are asking for 
        
             
        
        
        
Given :
A 136 foot tall cell phone tower casts a 79.9 foot shadow.
To Find :
The shadow length for a nearby 40 foot telephone pole .
Solution :
We know , the ratio of height and shadow , will be same for every object .
Let , length of shadow of pole is x .
So , 

Therefore , the length of shadow of tower is 23.5 foot .
Hence , this is the required solution .
 
        
             
        
        
        
45 is the answer have a really good day
        
             
        
        
        
In a river bank
you can put the answers from the end