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marshall27 [118]
4 years ago
14

D 4.37. Assuming the availability of diodes for which vD = 0.75 V at iD = 1mA, design a circuit that utilizes four diodes connec

ted in series, in series with a resistor R connected to a 15-V power supply. The voltage across the string of diodes is to be 3.3 V.
Engineering
1 answer:
gregori [183]4 years ago
6 0

Answer:

R = 0.5825 k ohm

Explanation:

given data

vD = 0.75 V

iD = 1mA

resistor R = 15-V

solution

we get here first vD that is

vD = \frac{3.3}{4}  

vD = 0.825

so

iD = Ise × e^{\frac{vD}{nvT}}      

n = 1

so we can say

\frac{iD2}{iD1} = e^{\frac{vD2-vD1}{nvT}}  

so it will

iD2 = iD1 × e^{\frac{vD2-vD1}{nvT}}

put here value and we get

iD2 = 1 × e^{\frac{0.825-0.75}{25}}  

iD2 = 1 × e^{3}  

iD2 = 20.086 mA

so

R will be

R = \frac{15-3.3}{ID}  

R = 0.5825 k ohm

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An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.15 of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor at 0.8 MPa pressure. The refrigerant is no
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Answer:

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1. The kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible

2. The cylinder is well insulated and thus heat transfer is negligible.

3. The thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself is negligible.

4. The process is stated to be reversible

Analysis:

a. This is reversible adiabatic(i.e isentropic) process and thus s_{1} =s_{2}

From the refrigerant table A11-A13

P_{1} =0.8MPa   \left \{ {{ {{v_{1}=v_{g}  @0.8MPa =0.025645 m^{3/}/kg } } \atop { {{u_{1}=u_{g}  @0.8MPa =246.82 kJ/kg } -   also  {{s_{1}=s_{g}  @0.8MPa =0.91853 kJ/kgK } } \right.

sat vapor

m=\frac{V}{v_{1} } =\frac{0.15}{0.025645} =5.8491 kg\\and \\\\P_{2} =0.2MPa  \left \{ {{x_{2} =\frac{s_{2} -s_{f} }{s_{fg }}=\frac{0.91853-0.15449}{0.78339}   = 0.9753 \atop {u_{2} =u_{f} +x_{2} }(u_{fg}) =  38.26+0.9753(186.25)= 38.26+181.65 =219.9kJ/kg \right. \\s_{1} = s_{2}

T_{2} =T_{sat @ 0.2MPa} = -10.09^{o}  C

b.) We take the content of the cylinder as the sysytem.

This is a closed system since no mass leaves or enters.

Hence, the energy balance for adiabatic closed system can be expressed as:

E_{in} - E_{out}  =ΔE

w_{b, out}  =ΔU

w_{b, out} =m([tex]u_{1} -u_{2)

w_{b, out}  = workdone during the isentropic process

=5.8491(246.82-219.9)

=5.8491(26.91)

=157.3993

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