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FromTheMoon [43]
4 years ago
11

Un recipiente de 3L lo llenamos de O 2 a 10°Cy 740 mm de presión cuantos gramos se introduce? cuantos moles? cual densidad? ¿Cuá

l debería ser la temperatura para que la presión se redujera a la mitad?
Chemistry
1 answer:
koban [17]4 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Ve explicación abajo

Explanation:

Responderemos esta pregunta en dos partes.

PAra la primera parte, usaremos la expresión de gases ideales la cual es:

<em>PV = nRT (1)</em>

Donde:

P: Presión (atm)

V: Volumen (L)

n: moles

R: constante universal de gases (0.082 L atm/ mol K)

T: Temperatura (K)

En este caso, tenemos un recipiente que se llena completamente de oxígeno (O₂) hasta 3 L. Este sería su volumen. a la presión de 740 mmHg, esta es la presión y debemos convertirla a atmosfera, y la temperatura de 10 °C que debe ser convertida a Kelvin. Con esos datos se puede calcular primero los moles de oxigeno y luego los gramos.

Transformando las unidades de presión y temperatura tenemos:

P = 740 mmHg * 1 atm / 760 mmHg = 0.974 atm

T = 10 + 273 = 283 K

Con estos datos, usaremos la expresión (1) para calcular los moles:

n = PV / RT

n = 0.974 * 3 / 0.082 * 283

n = 0.1259 moles

Con estos moles, se pueden calcular los gramos usando el peso molecular del oxigeno que es 16 g/mol. (Como tenemos 2 atomos, serían 32 g/mol):

m = n * PM

m = 0.1259 * 32

m = 4.0288 g

Ahora que tenemos la masa se puede calcular la densidad con la siguiente expresión:

d = m/V

Usando el volumen en mililitros (3 * 1000 = 3000 mL) y la masa obtenida, calculamos entonces la densidad.

d = 4.0288 / 3000

d = 0.00134 g/mL

Para la segunda y ultima parte del ejercicio, usaremos la ley de boyle donde se mantiene el volumen constante (en este caso 3 L) y solo se altera presión y temperatura. De esta forma calcularemos la temperatura necesaria para que la presión se reduzca a la mitad:

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Y queremos saber es la temperatura para que la presión sea la mitad de la presión inicial, por tanto:

P₂ = 1/2P₁

Sabiendo que la temperatura es de 10 °C (283 K) tenemos entonces:

P₁/T₁ = P₁/2T₂     Se cancelan las presiones y nos queda

1/T₁ = 1/2T₂

2T₂ = T₁

T₂ = 1/2T₁

Reemplazando la temperatura:

T₂ = 283 / 2

T₂ = 141.5 K

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