Answer:
a) ammonium ion
b) amide ion
Explanation:
The order of decreasing bond angles of the three nitrogen species; ammonium ion, ammonia and amide ion is NH4+ >NH3> NH2-. Next we need to rationalize this order of decreasing bond angles from the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory perspective.
First we must realize that all three nitrogen species contain a central sp3 hybridized carbon atom. This means that a tetrahedral geometry is ideally expected. Recall that the presence of lone pairs distorts molecular structures from the expected geometry based on VSEPR theory.
The amide ion contains two lone pairs of electrons. Remember that the presence of lone pairs causes greater repulsion than bond pairs on the outermost shell of the central atom. Hence, the amide ion has the least H-N-H bond angle of about 105°.
The ammonia molecule contains one lone pair, the repulsion caused by one lone pair is definitely bless than that caused by two lone pairs of electrons hence the bond angle of the H-N-H bond in ammonia is 107°.
The ammonium ion contains four bond pairs and no lone pair of electrons on the outermost nitrogen atom. Hence we expect a perfect tetrahedron with bond angle of 109°.
Monocots<span> have only one seed leaf inside the seed coat. It is often only a thin leaf, because the endosperm to feed the new plant is not inside the seed leaf. </span>Dicots <span>have two seed leaves inside the seed coat. They are usually rounded and fat, because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant.
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it has 62 electrons because science
Sugar burns and turns black. A completely new substance was formed, which is the main pointer for it being a chemical reaction. More evidence would be change of color, odor, and the fact that flammability is a chemical property so setting something on fire would be a chemical change.
Answer:
Cell Wall
Explanation:
In plant cells, the cell wall is rigid the outer structure that protects the plant cell.
