1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Semenov [28]
3 years ago
6

It has been suggested that the surface melting of ice plays a role in enabling speed skaters to achieve peak performance. Carry

out the following calculation to test this hypothesis. At 1 atm pressure, ice melts at 273.15 K (delta)Hfusion= 6010J/mol, the density of ice is 920 kg/m3, and the density of liquid water is 997 kg/m3.
Part A:
What pressure is required to lower the melting temperature by 4.7 degrees Celsius?
Part B:
Assume that the width of the skate in contact with the ice has been reduced by sharpening to 0.019 cm, and that the length of the contact area is 18 cm. If a skater of mass 79kg is balanced on one skate, what pressure is exerted at the interface of the skate and the ice?
Part C:
What is the melting point of ice under this pressure?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Fittoniya [83]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

a) Pf = 689.4 bar

b) P = 226.6 bar

c) T = 269.99 K

Explanation:

a)

The molar volume of ice is equal to:

Vi = m/p = (18.02x10^-3 kg H2O/1 mol H2O)*(1 m^3/920 kg) = 1.96x10^-5 m^3 mol^-1

The molar volume of liquid water is equal to:

Vl = (18.02x10^-3 kg/1 mol)*(1 m^3/997 kg) = 1.8x10^-5 m^3 mol^-1

The change in volume is equal to:

ΔVchange = Vi-Vl = 1.96x10^-5 - 1.8x10^-5 = 1.5x10^-6 m^3 mol^-1

using the Clapeyron equation:

Pf = Pi + ((ΔHf*ΔT)/(ΔVf*Ti)) = 1.013x10^5 Pa + ((6010 J mol^-1 * 4.7 K)/(1.5x10^-6 * 273.15 K)) = 6.89x10^7 Pa = 689.4 bar

b)

For the pressure we will use the equation:

P = (m*g)/A, where m is the mass, g is the acceleration of gravity and A is the area. Replacing values:

P = (79 kg * 9.81 m s^-2)/(1.9x10^-4 m * 0.18 m) = 2.26x10^7 Pa = 226.6 bar

c)

From Clapeyron´s expression we need to clear ΔT:

ΔT = ((Pf-Pi)*ΔV*Ti)/ΔHf = ((2.26x10^7 - 6.89x10^7)*1.5x10^-6*273.15)/6010 = -3.16 K

you can evaluate the new melting point of ice:

T = Ti + ΔT = 273.15 K - 3.16 K = 269.99 K

You might be interested in
How many moles in 44.7 kg of carbon dioxide
slava [35]

Answer:

What is the number of moles of carbon present in 44 grams of carbon dioxide? One. 44 grams is a mole of carbon dioxide and there is one carbon atom in CO 2 so there is one mole of carbon. That’s how chemistry works.

Explanation:

What is the number of moles of carbon present in 44 grams of carbon dioxide? One. 44 grams is a mole of carbon dioxide and there is one carbon atom in CO 2 so there is one mole of carbon. That’s how chemistry works.

7 0
2 years ago
How does the periodic table help in predicting the formula of a stable ionic compound?
marshall27 [118]
A. This is a FALSE statement because Metals in Group 1 form cations with a +1 charge and not -1. 

B. This is a TRUE statement. 

C. This is a FALSE statement because metals do not form anions i.e. negatively charged ions but form cations i.e. positively charged ions. 

D. This is a FALSE statement because metals do not form anions i.e. negatively charged ions but form cations i.e. positively charged ions. 
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which statement describe global warming? Select 2 answer choices
jeka57 [31]

Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere

3 0
3 years ago
Which characteristic makes legumes a good food source for food-insecure<br> populations?
vova2212 [387]

Legumes are much easier to grow than other plants, and are more adaptable.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Calculate the molarity of a solution made by adding 120 g of naoh (40.00 g/mol) to enough water to make 500.0 ml of solution. g
sertanlavr [38]

An: Calculate the molarity of a solution made by adding 120 g of NaOH (40.00 g/mol) to enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. a) 4.0 M b) 6.0 M c) 1.0 ...

Explanation:

7 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • Within the water cycles, where do individual water molecules reside the longest?
    7·2 answers
  • Why do nuclear reactions take place
    15·1 answer
  • Which condition In a nebula would prevent nuclear fusion
    11·2 answers
  • I really need some help and explaining with the Heat of Combustion Lab.
    13·1 answer
  • A 0.100 mile sample of gas is at a temperature of 85.0 degrees C and a volume of 3.47 L. What is the pressure of the gas( in mm
    12·1 answer
  • For the reaction at 298 K, 2NO2(g) N2O4(g) the values of ΔH° and ΔS° are -58.03 kJ and -176.6 J/K, respectively. Calculate the v
    15·2 answers
  • Plz answer fast :) ...................
    13·1 answer
  • A sample of crude sodium iodide was analysed by the following rection.
    9·1 answer
  • The equation for photon energy, E , is
    12·1 answer
  • Describe how the pH of anti-acid powder can be determined
    8·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!