They can change because the law of conservation of energy allows it to happen, for example when you are sitting, your body is at a potential energy state, meaning you are inert, you are not moving, but when you get up and suddenly start walking or running, that energy is converted to kinetic energy, meaning that you are moving and can be changed back into potential energy if all of a sudden you stop running or walking to rest or sit down. This is just an example of how energy can are transferred multiple ways
Answer:
a. 11 m/s at 76° with respect to the original direction of the lighter car.
Explanation:
In this exercise, since both cars make a right angle, let's assume that the lighter car only has a horizontal velocity component (vx) and that the heavier one only has a vertical velocity component (vy). The final velocities for both components for the system can be determined as:

Assume that the lighter car has a 1kg mass and that the heavier car has a 4 kg mass.

The magnitude of the final velocity of the wreck can be found as:
![v_{f}^{2}= v_{fx}^{2}+ v_{fy}^{2}\\v_{f}=\sqrt[]{2.6^{2} + 10.4^{2}} \\v_{f}= 10.72](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Bf%7D%5E%7B2%7D%3D%20v_%7Bfx%7D%5E%7B2%7D%2B%20v_%7Bfy%7D%5E%7B2%7D%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D%5Csqrt%5B%5D%7B2.6%5E%7B2%7D%20%2B%2010.4%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D%2010.72)
The final velocity has an intensity of roughly 11 m/s
As for the angle, it can be determined in respect to the lighter car (x axis) as follows:

Therefore, the wreck has a velocity with an intensity of 11 m/s at 76° with respect to the original direction of the lighter car.
Earth pulls it downward to the gravitational force
I am not sure how you want me to answer this, but yes, gas can go from being a gas to a liquid when the right temp and pressure is applied.