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You can use the impulse momentum theorem and just subtract the two momenta.
P1 - P2 = (16-1.2)(11.5e4)=1702000Ns
If you first worked out the force and integrated it over time the result is the same
The hotter an object is, the more kinetic energy it has, but i'm not sure what is the exact word missing??
Contour lines are lines that signifies the elevation on a mountain or hill