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lubasha [3.4K]
4 years ago
5

Electrophiles for the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions have to be very strong to react with the stable aromatic rin

gs. A nitronium ion is needed for nitration of aromatic rings. Complete the mechanism of the formation of the nitronium ion from concentrated nitric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Leokris [45]4 years ago
3 0

Answer: The nitronium ion is a strong electrophile

Explanation:

The detailed mechanism of the reaction is shown in the images attached. The flow of electrons has been shown with arrows. HNO3 is first protonated by H2SO4 this protonated specie H2NO3+ now forms H2O and NO2+.

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if you take 2.0mL of a 7.0 ppm NaOH solution and dilute it to 250.0mL, calculate the final concentration in ppm.
Oduvanchick [21]

Answer:

C₂ = 0.056 ppm

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume = 2.0 mL

Initial concentration = 7.0 ppm

Final volume = 250.0 mL

Final concentration = ?

Solution:

Formula:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

C₁ = Initial concentration

V₁ = Initial volume

C₂ = Final concentration

V₂ = Final volume

Now we will put the values in formula.

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

7.0 ppm × 2.0 mL = C₂ × 250.0 mL

C₂ = 14.0 ppm.mL /250.0 mL

C₂ = 0.056 ppm

4 0
3 years ago
Calculate Delta G for each reaction using Delta Gf values: answer kJ ...thank you
Leni [432]

Answer:

a) \Delta G=2.6kJ

b) \Delta G=-979.57kJ

c) \Delta G=264.21kJ

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, in each reaction we must subtract the Gibbs free energy of formation the reactants to the Gibbs free energy of formation of the products considering each species stoichiometric coefficients. In such a way, the Gibbs free energy of formations are:

\Delta _fG_{H_2}=\Delta _fG_{I_2}=0kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{HI}=1.3kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{CO_2}=-394.4kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{CO}=-137.3 kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{NH_3}=16.7 kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{HCl}=-95.3kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{MnO_2}=465.37kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{Mn}=0kJ/mol\\\Delta _fG_{NH_4Cl}=-342.81kJ/mol

So we proceed as follows:

a)

\Delta G=2\Delta _fG_{HI}-\Delta _fG_{H_2}-\Delta _fG_{I_2}\\\\\Delta G=2*1.3\\\\\Delta G=2.6kJ

b)

\Delta G=\Delta _fG_{Mn}+2*\Delta _fG_{CO_2}-\Delta _fG_{MnO_2}-2*\Delta _fG_{CO}\\\\\Delta G=0+2*-394.4-465.37-2*-137.3\\\\\Delta G=-979.57kJ

c)

\Delta G=\Delta _fG_{NH_3}+\Delta _fG_{HCl}-\Delta _fG_{NH_4Cl}\\\\\Delta G=16.7-95.3-(-342.81)\\\\\Delta G=264.21kJ

Regards.

6 0
3 years ago
Which of the following elements has electrons in the 3d sublevel?
ch4aika [34]

Answer:

fe is the answer

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Which action is the best example of a direct observation
luda_lava [24]

Since you didn't have any extra information about the question I'll be presenting an example from my own textbooks that I've used.

An example of a direct observation is listening to a cricket chirp at night, and counting the number of chirps per minute.

Direct Observation is where the evaulator watches the subject in their usual habitat without disrupting or altering it.

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A waterbed mattress has the following dimensions: 210 cm X 160 cm X 25 cm. The density of water is 62.4lb/ft3. What is the weigh
artcher [175]

<u>Answer:</u> The weight of water bed in pounds is 1850.16 lb

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the volume of cuboid, we use the equation:

V=lbh

where,

V = volume of cuboid

l = length of cuboid = 210 cm

b = breadth of cuboid = 160 cm

h = height of cuboid = 25 cm

Putting values in above equation, we get:

V=210\times 160\times 25=8.4\times 10^5cm^3=29.65ft^3      (Conversion factor:  1cm^3=3.53\times 10^{-5}ft^3 )

To calculate the mass of waterbed, we use the equation:

\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}

Density of waterbed = 62.4lb/ft^3

Volume of waterbed = 29.65ft^3

Putting values in above equation, we get:

62.4lb/ft^3=\frac{\text{Mass of waterbed}}{29.65ft^3}\\\\\text{Mass of waterbed}=(62.4lb/ft^3\times 29.65ft^3)=1850.16lb

Hence, the weight of water bed in pounds is 1850.16 lb

7 0
4 years ago
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