The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium or magnesium.
The valence electrons can be counted using a Lewis electron dot diagram as shown at the right for carbon dioxide. The electrons shared by the two atoms in a covalent bond are counted twice, once for each atom. In carbon dioxide each oxygen shares four electrons with the central carbon, two (shown in red) from the oxygen itself and two (shown in black) from the carbon. All four of these electrons are counted in both the carbon octet and the oxygen octet.
Answer:
covalent bonds
Explanation:
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds and may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges, or through the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bonds.
Answer:
Explanation:
Volume is defined as the space occupied by an object or substance irrespective of its state of matter.The conversion used from millimeter to liter is:
1 milliiliter = 0.001 L
Therefore, we can convert the volume of sample from 2.5 ml in liters as follows.
2.5 ml in liters = 2.5ml x 0.001 L/1ml
= 0.0025 L
Thus, we can conclude that the volume of given sample in liter is 0.0025 L
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Answer:
Individually well, defined identical chemically units such as molecules, ions, atoms, or electrons
Explanation:
The mole is used as the unit of measurement for substance such as molecules, ions, atoms, or electrons. One mole of a substance is equivalent to 6.02×10²³ particles of the substance. The number, 6.02 × 10²³ is known as Avogadro's number.
The particles quantified as moles are individually well, defined identical chemically units such that the mole can be used to describe a part of a substance or the whole substance consisting of several moles of the substance combined.
Explanation:
The two ways that energy can be transferred are by doing work and by heat transfer.
