Answer:
Explanation:
<u>Given:</u>
- Diameter of the plates of the capacitor, D = 21 cm = 0.21 m.
- Distance of separation between the plates, d = 1.0 cm = 0.01 m.
- Minimum value of electric field that produces spark,
When the dimensions of the plate of the capacitor is comparatively much larger than the distance of separation between the plates, then, according to the Gauss' law of electrostatics, the value of the electric field strength in the region between the plates of the capacitor is given by
where,
= surface charge density of the plate of the capacitor = 
.
= magnitude of the charge on each of the plate.
= surface area of each of the plate =
= electrical permittivity of free space, having value = 
For the minimum value of electric field that produces spark,
It is the maximum value of the magnitude of charge which can be added up to each of the plates of the capacitor.
Explanation:
The gravitational force equation is the following:
Where:
G = Gravitational constant = 
m1 & m2 = the mass of two related objects
r = distance between the two related objects
The problem gives you everything you need to plug into the formula, except for the gravitational constant. Let me know if you need further clarification.
Answer:
I think it is difficult to determine what has caused climate change in the distant past because it must have been a long time ago so geologists can't carry out different experiments and figure out what gases the planet had conjured, so geologists can only make predictions based off the evidence they currently have from what the planet looked like before. The planet must have changed over the years, therefore the climate has also changed in the future, so they cannot work with how the planet looked in the past.
The answer is: " 208 g " .
_____________________________________________
Explanation:
__________________________________________
The formula/ equation for density is:
__________________________________________
D = m / V ; That is, "mass divided by volume" ;
Density is expressed as:
__________________________________________
"mass per unit volume"; in which the "mass" is expressed in units of "g" ("grams") ; and the "unit volume" is expressed in units of:
"cm³ " or "mL";
_____________________________________________
{Note the exact equivalent: 1 cm³ = 1 mL }.
____________________________________________
→ The formula is: " D = m / V " ;
___________________________________________
in which:
"D" refers to the "density" (see above), which is: "8.9 g/cm³ " (given);
"m" refers to the "mass" , in units of "g" (grams), which is unknown; and we want to find this value;
"V" refers to the "volume", in units of "cm³ " ;
which is: "23.4 cm³ " (given);
_________________________________________________
We want to find the mass, "m" ; so we take the original equation/formula for the density:
_________________________________________________
D = m / V ;
_________________________________________________________
And we rearrange; to isolate "m" (mass) on ONE side of the equation; and then we plug in our known/given values;
to solve for "m" (mass); in units of "g" (grams) ;
___________________________________________________
Multiply each side of the equation by "V" ;
____________________________________________________
V * { D = m / V } ; to get:
____________________________________________________
V * D = m ; ↔ m = V * D ;
___________________________________________________
Now, we plug in the given values for "V" (volume) and "D" (density) ; to solve for the mass, "m" ;
______________________________________________________
m = V * D ;
m = (23.4 cm³) * (8.9 g / 1 cm³) = (23.4 * 8.9) g = 208.26 g ;
→ Round to "208 g" (3 significant figures);
____________________________________
The answer is: " 208 g " .
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
Use of telemetry and radar astronomy
Explanation:
An astronomical Unit (AU) is a unit of measuring distances in outer space, which is based on the approximate distance between the earth and the Sun.
After several years of trying to approximate the distance between the Sun and the Earth using several methods based on geometry and some other calculations, advancements in technology made available the presence of special motoring equipment, which can be placed in outer space to remotely monitor and measure the position of the sun.
The use of direct radar measurements to the sun (radar astronomy) have also made the determination of the AU more accurate.
A standard radar pulse of known speed is sent to the Sun, and the time with which it takes to return is measured, once this is recorded, the distance between the Earth and the Sun can be calculated using
distance = speed X time.
However, most of these means have to be corrected for parallax errors
