True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
2 answers:
Answer:
The given statement is true.
Enzymes which are present in the digestive tract such as salivary amylase, pepsin, trypsin, et cetera mainly catalyze the hydrolysis reaction.
The hydrolysis reaction is the reaction by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules with the help of water.
Most of the complex molecules or nutrients such as starch, protein et cetera are broken down into their respective smaller units with the help of hydrolysis reaction.
For example, lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose.
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Answer : The mass defect required to release energy is 6111.111 kg
Explanation :
To calculate the mass defect for given energy released, we use Einstein's equation:
E = Energy released =
= mass change = ?
c = speed of light =
Now put all the given values in above equation, we get:
Therefore, the mass defect required to release energy is 6111.111 kg
<h3><u>Full Question:</u></h3>
The following compound has been found effective in treating pain and inflammation (J. Med. Chem. 2007, 4222). Which sequence correctly ranks each carbonyl group in order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic addition?
A) 1 < 2 < 3
B) 2 < 3 < 1
C) 3 < 1 < 2
D) 1 < 3 < 2
<h3><u>Answer: </u></h3>The rate of nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds is 2<3 <1.
Option B
<h3><u>Explanation. </u></h3>Nucleophilic attack is explained as the attack of an electron rich radical to a carbonyl compound like aldehyde or a ketone. A nucleophile has a high electron density, so it searches for a electropositive atom where it can donate a portion of its electron density and become stable.
A carbonyl compound is a hybridized carbon atom with a double bonded oxygen atom in it. The oxygen atom pulls a huge portion of electron density from carbon being very electropositive.
In a ketone, there are two factors that make it less likely to undergo a nucleophilic attack than aldehyde. Firstly, the steric hindrance of two carbon groups being attached with the carbonyl carbon makes it harder for the nucleophile to approach. Secondly, the electron push by the carbon groups attached makes the carbonyl carbon a bit less electropositive than the aldehyde one. So aldehydes are more reactive towards a nucleophilic addition reaction.