<u>Answer</u>: Sperm cell
<u>Explanation</u>:
Amongst all the 4 options given, only the Sperm cell is a gamete (sex cell) while all the three are somatic cells.
- A <em>somatic</em> cell is the one which forms the body of an organism and contains all the genetic information.
- A <em>gamete</em> is the one which is required for the purpose of fertilization. A gamete of male fuses with the gamete of female in a process called fertilization to form a zygote to give rise to a new individual.
- A Sperm cell is basically a <em>male gamete.</em> It contains only half the amount of genetic information as the other half is contributed by the female gamete.
- This difference in the amount of genetic information arises due to the type of cell division that occurs. The somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas a gamete requires meiosis to occur for its formation.
- During mitosis there is a single round of cell division which divides the parent cell into two daughter cells each with the <em>complete genetic information</em>.
- During meiosis the cell undergoes two rounds of cell division such that a total lf 4 cells are produced each <em>with half the amount of genetic material </em>as present in the parent cell.
Since, <em>sperm is a male gamete and is formed by meiosis it contains only half the genetic information as compared to the other cells.</em>
A subtance with a pH below 7 and
<span>a substance that tastes sour</span>
The evidence that paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land is the possession of waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves.
<h3>What are some adaptations of plants on land compared to water?</h3>
Plants possess various adaptive features which enables them to survive on land or in water.
Plants that are found in water are known as aquatic plants. They possess features which enable them to get rid of excess water as well as to stay afloat on water. For example, their leaves are waxy to enable them remain afloat.
Plants found on land are terrestrial plants and possess features that enable them survive on land. They possess features which prevent excessive water loss such as waxy cuticle.
Therefore, the evidence that paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land is the possession of waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves.
In conclusion, plants show adaptations as they moved from water to land.
Learn more about adaptations in plants at: brainly.com/question/13052054
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Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
