A, C, and D all happen at different stages
of a total lunar eclipse.
I'll describe the stages of the eclipse, but before I do, I just need
to clarify: The Earth doesn't have an umbra or a penumbra, but
its shadow does.
-- the eclipse begins when the first edge of the moon
moves into the penumbra of Earth's shadow; ( C )
this part of the moon grows steadily.
-- After a while, the first edge of the moon begins to move
into the umbra of Earth's shadow ( A ), and gets very dark.
-- The total phase of the eclipse begins when the ENTIRE
moon is in the umbra of Earth's shadow.
Then everything happens in reverse.
-- Eventually, the leading edge of the moon moves out
of the shadow's umbra, into the penumbra. This part
steadily grows.
-- After a while, none of the moon is in the umbra, and
the whole thing is in the penumbra. The moon is
fully illuminated, but not quite as bright as it should be.
-- Soon, the leading edge of the moon leaves the penumbra
of Earth's shadow, and gets brighter. This portion of the moon
steadily grows, until ...
-- the moon completely leaves the penumbra, all of it is as bright
as it's supposed to be. The eclipse is completely over. ( B )
==> The whole process lasts several hours.
==> Everybody on the night side of the Earth sees the same thing
at the same time. It doesn't matter WHERE you are on the night
side ... if you can see the moon in the sky, you see the present
phase of the eclipse.
==> The lunar eclipse can only happen at the Full Moon. In fact, the
mid-point of the total phase is the exact moment of Full Moon.
When you talk about rate, you will expect that it will be in terms of a time unit. It measures how fast it is going. So, you would expect that the denominator is in time units. For the movement, you can measure this with either distance or velocity.
So, for the first variety, you would need distance and time to measure the rate of how far you go at a certain time. It is also called as velocity. For the second variety, you would need velocity and time to measure the rate of how fast you are going at a certain interval. It is also called as acceleration.
When a boy throws a ball and accidentally breaks a window, the momentum of the ball and all the pieces of glass taken together after the collision is THE SAME as the momentum of the ball before the collision
hope this helps
A. Using a combination lens made up of lenses, each of which has a different index of refraction. Is the correct answer.
