If an Atom has 12 Electrons then if it is a Neutral atom then the Atomic Number of the Atom will be 12.
The Electronic Configuration of Element with Atomic Number 12 will be :
⇒ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
We can notice from the Electronic Configuration that :
Given atom has 2 electrons in the 1st shell.
⇒ In the Shell : n = 1
Number of Electrons = 2
In the similar way : Number of Electrons in 2nd shell = 2 + 6 = 8
⇒ In the Shell : n = 2
Number of Electrons = 8
In the similar way : Number of Electrons in 3rd shell = 2
⇒ In the Shell : n = 3
Number of Electrons = 2
Because they usually are weak.
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Question: <em>What is the hybridization of each carbon and oxygen atoms in vitamin C?</em>
Answer:
1. To decide the hybridization of a carbon, look at how many atoms are attached to it (including the hydrogens that may be unwritten). If there are 4 total atoms attached (all with single bonds), the carbon must have sp3 orbitals (there are 4 of them). If 3, then sp2. If 2, then sp. Carbon can't be sp3d or sp3d2 hybridized because carbon is in the 2nd period of the periodic table and doesn't possess any d orbitals to hybridize.
2. Not sure what this question means. Did you mean to type just C-C bonds? If so, just count the number of bonds between 2 carbon atoms!
3. Use VSEPR. The bond angle is as great as possible, based on the repulsion of the valence electron pairs (both bonded and lone). This is also related to hybridization. sp3 hybrid orbitals are 109.5 degress apart, sp2 is 120, sp is 180.
4. See part 1. Determine the hybridization of both C4 and C5. The overlap of an orbital from each carbon is what forms the sigma bond.
