Environmental Hazards are usually any chemicals that donot naturally occur to exist anywhere and are usually made in the fields of industry or experimental sciences
So if you happen for example to throw a bit of mercury in some river while being in a school trip then this is an environmental hazard created by humans
Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
When a gas bubbles through water, small droplets of water are usually picked up along for the ride and are mixed in with the gas above the water inside the eudiometer tube. The water vapor takes up room, but isn't the important gas that you need to measure. The table of water vapor is needed to subtract the unwanted water vapor from the collection of gases.
Look up chromium on periodic table.
It's atomic number is 24.
It gives number of protons in an element.
Since the atom is uncharged (no extra or subtracted electrons), the number of protons will equal the number of electrons.