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ASHA 777 [7]
3 years ago
13

How many different sets of equivalent protons are there for para-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)? only 1 two three four?

Chemistry
1 answer:
ELEN [110]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Two  

Step-by-step explanation:

There are two ways to determine the number sets of equivalent protons in a compound.  

(a) By substitution

Replace each H with a different group and see if you get a different compound

For example, the six CH₃ H atoms are an equivalent set, because, if I replace any one of them, I will always get the same compound: 1-chloromethyl-4-methylbenzene (Fig. 1).

Similarly, the four aromatic H atoms are an equivalent set. If I replace any one of them, I will always get the same compound: 2-chloro-1,4-dimethylbenzene (Fig. 2).

Thus, there are two sets of equivalent protons in p-xylene.

(b) By symmetry

Two atoms are equivalent if one can be converted into the other by a <em>symmetry operation</em> on the molecule.

The methyl hydrogens can be interconverted by a combination of <em>reflections</em> about the AB and CD mirror planes and by<em> </em><em>rotation</em>s about the C-C bonds to the ring (Fig. 3).

Similarly, the four aromatic H atoms can be interconverted by a combination of <em>reflections</em> about the AB and CD mirror planes.

Again, we find two sets of equivalent protons.

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What is chemical potential energy?
tigry1 [53]

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Gasoline used as kinetic energy: the various chemicals that make up gasoline contain a large amount of chemical potential energy that is released when the gasoline is burned in a controlled way in the engine of the car. The release of that energy does two things. Some of the potential energy is transformed into work, which is used to move the car

Dynamite used as kinetic energy: the dynamite being used was most likely made of nitroglycerin. Once the dynamite explodes from a percussion force (then breaking of weak bonds to releasing the raw atom) the energy is then converted to thermal, kinetic, and sound energy.

7 0
3 years ago
A bottle of wine contains 9.81 grams of C2H5OH, dissolved in 87.5 grams of water. The final volume of the solution is 100.0 mL.
dimulka [17.4K]

Answer:

[EtOH] = 2.2M and Wt% EtOH = 10.1% (w/w)

Explanation:

1. Molarity = moles solute / Volume solution in Liters

=> moles solute = mass solute / formula weight of solute = 9.8g/46g·mol⁻¹ = 0.213mol EtOH

=> volume of solution (assuming density of final solution is 1.0g/ml) ...

volume solution =  9.81gEtOH + 87.5gH₂O = 97.31g solution x 1g/ml = 97.31ml = 0.09731 Liter solution

Concentration (Molarity) = moles/Liters = 0.213mol/0.09731L = 2.2M in EtOH

2. Weight Percent EtOH in solution (assuming density of final solution is 1.0g/ml)

From part 1 => [EtOH] = 2.2M in EtOH = 2.2moles EtOH/1.0L soln

= {(2.2mol)(46g/mol)]/1000g soln] x 100% = 10.1% (w/w) in EtOH.

3 0
3 years ago
What element is 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
skad [1K]
Answer:

Bi (Bismuth)
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A gas at 750 mmhg and with a volume of 2. 00 l is allowed to change its volume at constant temperature until the pressure is 600
Gemiola [76]

Answer:

The new volume of a gas at 750 mmhg and with a volume of 2. 00 l when allowed to change its volume at constant temperature until the pressure is 600 mmhg is 2.5 Liters.

Explanation:

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to it's volume at constant temperature. It is written as;

P ∝ V

P V = K

P1 V1 = P2 V2

Parameters :

P1 = Initial pressure of the gas = 750 mmHg

V1 = Initial pressure of the gas = 2. 00 Liters

P2 = Final pressure of the gas = 600 mmHg

V2 = Fimal volume of the gas = ? Liters

Calculations :

V2 = P1 V1 ÷ P2

V2= 750 × 2. 00 ÷ 600

V2 = 1500 ÷ 600

V2 = 2.5 Liters.

Therefore, the new volume of the gas is 2. 5 Liters.

8 0
2 years ago
What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 4.5 x<br> 10-6 M ?
Fittoniya [83]

Answer:

<h2>5.35 </h2>

Explanation:

The pH of a solution can be found by using the formula

pH = - log [ {H}^{+} ]

We have

pH =  -  log(4.5 \times  {10}^{ - 6} )  \\  = 5.346787...

We have the final answer as

<h3>5.35 </h3>

Hope this helps you

6 0
3 years ago
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