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ASHA 777 [7]
3 years ago
13

How many different sets of equivalent protons are there for para-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)? only 1 two three four?

Chemistry
1 answer:
ELEN [110]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Two  

Step-by-step explanation:

There are two ways to determine the number sets of equivalent protons in a compound.  

(a) By substitution

Replace each H with a different group and see if you get a different compound

For example, the six CH₃ H atoms are an equivalent set, because, if I replace any one of them, I will always get the same compound: 1-chloromethyl-4-methylbenzene (Fig. 1).

Similarly, the four aromatic H atoms are an equivalent set. If I replace any one of them, I will always get the same compound: 2-chloro-1,4-dimethylbenzene (Fig. 2).

Thus, there are two sets of equivalent protons in p-xylene.

(b) By symmetry

Two atoms are equivalent if one can be converted into the other by a <em>symmetry operation</em> on the molecule.

The methyl hydrogens can be interconverted by a combination of <em>reflections</em> about the AB and CD mirror planes and by<em> </em><em>rotation</em>s about the C-C bonds to the ring (Fig. 3).

Similarly, the four aromatic H atoms can be interconverted by a combination of <em>reflections</em> about the AB and CD mirror planes.

Again, we find two sets of equivalent protons.

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an element's name, chemical symbol, atomic number, atomic mass.

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6 0
3 years ago
Please help this test ends in 30 min
RideAnS [48]

Answer:

Option C

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

Explanation:

Carbonxylic acids are compounds which has the general formula

R–COOH where R is an alkyl group.

Considering the options given in the question above,

For A:

CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is an ether compound with general formula ROR' where R and R' are both alkyl group.

For B:

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH is an alcohol with general formula ROH where R is an alkyl group.

For C:

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH is a carbonxylic acid with general formula R–COOH where R is an alkyl group.

For D:

CH₃CH₂C=OCH₂CH₃ is a ketone compound with general formula RC=OR' where R and R' are both alkyl group

For E:

ClCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br is simply an Alkyl halide with general formula XRX where X is an halogen (i.e F, Cl, Br or I) and R is an alkyl group.

From the above illustration, only option C contains a Carbonxylic compound.

8 0
3 years ago
(a) a 0.2 m potassium hydroxide solution is titrated with a 0.1 m nitric acid solution. (i) balanced equation: (ii)what would be
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\text{KOH} (aq) + \text{HNO}_3 (aq) \to \text{KNO}_3 (aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l)

The solution shall contain only \text{KNO}_3 (aq) (and water) at the equivalence point. Both potassium hydroxide and nitric acid exist as strong electrolytes. As a result,  \text{KNO}_3 (aq), the salt derived from a reaction between the two species would undergo hydrolysis of a negligible extent. This neutralization reaction therefore be neutral at the equilibrium point.

The question states that the solution is "titrated with a ... nitric acid solution" indicating that \text{HNO}_3 is added to the initially-basic solution. PH value of the solution would keep decreasing as the volume of the acid added increases. The final solution would be acidic as it contains not only water and \text{KNO}_3 (aq), but some \text{HNO}_3 as well. Bromothymol blue would therefore demonstrates a yellow color, the color it present in an acidic solution, at the end of the titration.

5 0
3 years ago
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8 0
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Therefore: kilogram of lead has higher density.
8 0
3 years ago
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