Answer:
It compares the the difference between a radioactive element remaining in specimen to the amount of the radioactive element that would have been originally trapped in the specimen. This is done by comparing the ratio of the relative abundance of this radioactive element to its non radioactive isotope in nature to their ratio remaining in the specimen and comparing it to the half-life of the radioactive isotope.
Answer: The IF clause.
Explanation: This is the IF clause; you can use it as:
IF (something = true) then "something happens"
else "other thing happens"
Some example of it can be, suppose that your program reads a number X that the user inputs, then you can do:
If ( X > 5) then
print: "the number X is bigger than five"
Else
print: "the number X is smaller than five"
Where, of course, the statements depend on the language used, but the "if" clause works almost the same in every language.
Answer:
The maximum electric field strength is 0.0144 V/m.
Explanation:
Given that,
Electric potential created in the heart, V = 3.6 mV
Distance, d= 0.25 m
Frequency of the the electromagnetic wave, f = 1 Hz
We need to find the maximum electric field strength created. We know that the electric potential is given by :

E is the maximum electric field strength

So, the maximum electric field strength is 0.0144 V/m. Hence, this is the required solution.