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sleet_krkn [62]
3 years ago
12

How many 20 mL extractions of organic solvent are needed to extract at least 99.5% of 50.0 g Compound A from 100 mL of water if

K
Chemistry
1 answer:
sammy [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

5 extractions to extract at least 99.5% of 50.0 g Compound A from 100 mL of water

Explanation:

<em>If K=10...</em>

<em />

Partition coefficient is defined as the ratio of concentrations of a compound A in two inmiscibles solvents:

K = 10 = Conc. Organic solvent / Conc. Water

<em>Usually organic phase over aqueous phase.</em>

<em />

In the first 20mL extraction, the organic solvent will extract:

10 = X / 20mL / (50.0g - X) / 100mL

10 = 100X / (1000-20X)

10000 - 200X = 100X

10000 = 300X

X = 33.3g of compound A are extracted in the first extraction

<em>Remember you want to extract 99.5%, that is 50.0g*99.5% = 49.75g</em>

<em />

In the aqueous phase remain: 50-33.3g = 16.7g:

<em>Second extraction:</em>

10 = X / 20mL / (16.7g - X) / 100mL

10 = 100X / (334-20X)

3340 - 200X = 100X

3340 = 300X

11.1g are extracted and will remain: 16.7g - 11.1g = 5.6g

<em>Third extraction:</em>

10 = X / 20mL / (5.6g - X) / 100mL

10 = 100X / (112-20X)

1120 - 200X = 100X

1120 = 300X

3.8g are extracted and will remain: 5.6g - 3.8g = 1.8g

<em>Fourth extraction:</em>

10 = X / 20mL / (1.8g - X) / 100mL

10 = 100X / (36-20X)

360 - 200X = 100X

360 = 300X

1.2g are extracted and will remain: 1.8g -1.2g =  0.6g

<em>Fifth extraction:</em>

10 = X / 20mL / (0.6g - X) / 100mL

10 = 100X / (12-20X)

120 - 200X = 100X

120 = 300X

0.4g are extracted. The total extractions gives:

33.3g + 11.1g + 3.8g + 1.2g + 0.4g = 49.8g

That means, you need to do:

<h3>5 extractions to extract at least 99.5% of 50.0 g Compound A from 100 mL of water</h3>
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Explanation:

Amount of NaCl  = 15.0 grams

amount of H₂SO₄ = Excess

mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = ?

Solution:

To solve this problem first we will look for the reaction that NaCl react with  H₂SO₄

Reaction:

         2NaCl + H₂SO₄ --------> 2 HCl + Na₂SO₄

As the  H₂SO₄ is in excess so the amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) depends on the amount of NaCl as it its act as limiting reactant.

Now if we look at the reaction

         2NaCl + H₂SO₄ --------> 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

           1 mol                              2 mol  

Now convert moles to mass

Then

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol

Molar mass of HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 g/mol

So,

            2NaCl           +      H₂SO₄     -------->       2HCl        +     Na₂SO₄

      2 mol (58.5 g/mol)                                    2 mol (36.5 g/mol)

              94 g                                                           73 g

So if we look at the reaction; 94 g of NaCl gives with 73 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a this reaction, then how many grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will produce from 15.0 g of NaCl

For this apply unity formula

           94 g of NaCl  ≅ 73 g of HCl

           15.0 g of NaCl  ≅ X g of HCl

By Doing cross multiplication

           X g of HCl = 73 g x 15.0 g / 94 g

           X g of HCl = 11.65 g

11.65 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will produce by 15.0 g of NaCl

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